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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-3-53-60</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-1150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Причины, частота возникновения и возможности устранения диагностических ошибок у новорожденных и детей первого года жизни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Causes, frequency and avoidance of diagnostic errors in newborns and children of the first year of life</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кирилочев</surname><given-names>О. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirilochev</surname><given-names>O. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кирилочев Олег Константинович – д.м.н., доц., проф. кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии</p><p>414000 Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kirilochevoleg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Astrakhan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1150">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1150</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье представлены исследовательские методы для выявления частоты диагностических ошибок.</p><p>Цель исследования: на основании сопоставления клинического и патологоанатомического диагнозов определить частоту возникновения, причины и возможности устранения диагностических ошибок при инфекционной патологии, специфичной для перинатального периода. Изучены 234 случая летальных исходов в отделении реанимации и интенсивной терапии для новорожденных за 2006–2018 гг. При постановке клинического диагноза ошибки встречались в 18,3% случаев. Наиболее часто (53,4%) ошибки диагностики связаны с нераспознанными инфекционными болезнями, специфичными для перинатального периода. Показано, что в 65% случаев правильная прижизненная диагностика была невозможна по объективным причинам. Объективные причины ошибок были в основном вызваны трудностями диагностики заболевания из-за отсутствия характерных клинических данных или атипичностью течения. Почти у каждого третьего умершего пациента диагностические ошибки были обусловлены субъективными причинами и связаны с диагностикой врожденной цитомегаловирусной инфекции и неонатального сепсиса. Субъективные причины ошибок чаще были вызваны так называемым добросовестным заблуждением врача вследствие недостатка знаний, умений, опыта. В силу того, что ошибка суждения была наиболее частой причиной ошибочной диагностики, необходимо улучшение когнитивного состояния клиницистов. По результатам аудита были предложены дополнительные диагностические подходы в отношении некоторых заболеваний. Возможно, одним из способов уменьшения числа ошибок является совершенствование образовательных инициатив для врачей.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article presents research methods to detect the frequency of diagnostic errors.</p><p>Objective: to compare clinical and pathological diagnoses in order to determine the frequency, causes and ways of avoiding diagnostic errors in children with infectious pathology specific to the perinatal period. The authors studied 234 death cases in the intensive care unit for newborns in 2006–2018, and they found diagnostic errors in 18,3% of cases. 53,4% of the diagnostic errors were associated with unrecognized infectious diseases specific to the perinatal period. The authors found that the correct intravital diagnosis was impossible for objective reasons in 65% of cases. Those objective reasons were mainly caused by diagnostic difficulties due to the lack of characteristic clinical data or the atypical course. Almost in every third patient the diagnostic errors were caused by subjective reasons and were associated with the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection and neonatal sepsis. The subjective errors were often caused by the so-called doctor’s bona fide delusion due to a lack of knowledge, skills, experience. As the judgment error was the most common reason for misdiagnosis we need to improve the clinicians’ cognitive condition. Based on the audit results, the authors proposed the additional diagnostic approaches for certain diseases. One way to reduce errors is to improve educational initiatives for doctors.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>педиатрия</kwd><kwd>новорожденные</kwd><kwd>диагностические ошибки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pediatrics</kwd><kwd>newborns</kwd><kwd>diagnostic errors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pronovost P.J., Colantuoni E. Measuring preventable harm. JAMA 2009; 301(12): 1273–1275. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.388</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pronovost P.J., Colantuoni E. Measuring preventable harm. JAMA 2009; 301(12): 1273–1275. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.388</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Graber M.L. The incidence of diagnostic error in medicine. BMJ Quality &amp; Safety 2013; 22(Suppl 2). 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