<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-6-108-115</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-1298</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHARING EXPERIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Волчаночный нефрит в педиатрической практике: 20-летний опыт наблюдений</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Lupus Nephritis in Pediatric Practice: 20-Year Experience in Care</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3934-8699</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маковецкая</surname><given-names>Г. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makovetskaya</surname><given-names>G. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Маковецкая Галина Андреевна – д.м.н., проф., засл. деят. науки РФ, проф. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии </p><p>443079 Самара, пр. Карла Маркса, д. 165 А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4373-0703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазур</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazur</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мазур Лилия Ильинична – д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии </p><p>443079 Самара, пр. Карла Маркса, д. 165 А </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1430-6708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борисова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borisova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Борисова Ольга Вячеславовна – д.м.н., проф. кафедры детских инфекций</p><p>443099 Самара, ул. Чапаевская, д. 89 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgaborisova74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4994-2608</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринов</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinov</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-6885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седашкина</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedashkina</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6778-8507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранникова</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Barannikova</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Баранникова Елена Александровна – врач нефрологического отделения</p><p>443095 Самара, ул. Ташкентская, д. 159 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samara</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБО ВО «Самарский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Самарская областная клиническая больница им. В.Д. Середавина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Samara Regional Clinical Hospital named after V.D. Seredavin</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>01</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>65</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>115</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1298">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1298</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования: оценка течения и исходов волчаночного нефрита у детей; определение эффективности использования ингибиторов ангиотензинпревращающего фермента при волчаночном нефрите. Характеристика детей и методы. За 20-летний период проанализированы данные о 36 детях с системной красной волчанкой и волчаночным нефритом в возрасте от 5 до 17 лет. Результаты. В 72,2% случаев наблюдалось поражение почек в дебюте заболевания, отмечено тяжелое, рецидивирующее течение волчаночного нефрита. Нефротический синдром развился в 47,2% случаев. Все пациенты получали комплексную терапию: кортикостероиды, циклофосфан, азатиоприн, селективные иммуносупрессоры. У 23 детей проведено исследование по определению эффективности терапии эналаприлом, назначаемой с целью нефропротекции. Выявлено, что данный препарат улучшает отдаленные результаты. Наблюдалось снижение частоты рецидивов заболевания в 2 раза, уменьшение уровня суточной протеинурии в 5 раз. Пятилетняя выживаемость отмечена у 100% пациентов, 10-летняя – у 91,6%, терминальная стадия почечной недостаточности диагностирована у 8,4% детей. Во взрослом возрасте умерли 5 пациентов (летальность 13,9%). Заключение. Дети с волчаночным нефритом нуждаются в длительной поддерживающей терапии. Использование селективных иммуносупрессоров и нефропротекторов способствовали выживаемости почек.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Purpose of the Study: assessment of the course and outcomes of the lupus nephritis in children; determination of the efficiency of use of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for the lupus nephritis. Children Characteristics and Study Methods. Over a 20-year period, we analyzed the data of 36 children with the systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis at the ages from 5 to 17 years. Results. In 72.2% of the cases, the kidney damage was noted at the disease onset, and the severe, recurrent course of the lupus nephritis was registered. The nephrotic syndrome has developed in 47.2% of cases. All patients received the comprehensive treatment: corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, selective immunosuppressants. A study was conducted for 23 children to determine the efficiency of the enalapril treatment prescribed for the purpose of the nephroprotection. It was revealed that this drug improves the long-term results. There was registered the twofold decrease in the disease recurrence rate, fivefold decrease in the level of daily proteinuria. Five-year survival rate was observed in 100% of the patients, 10-year – in 91.6%, end-stage renal failure was diagnosed in 8.4% of the children. 5 patients died in adult life (mortality rate is 13.9%). Conclusion. The children with the lupus nephritis require the continuation maintenance therapy. The use of the selective immunosuppressants and nephroprotectors has contributed to the renal survival.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>системная красная волчанка</kwd><kwd>волчаночный нефрит</kwd><kwd>хроническая болезнь почек</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ангиотензинпревращающего фермента</kwd><kwd>общая выживаемость</kwd><kwd>выживаемость почек</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>systemic lupus erythematosus</kwd><kwd>lupus nephritis</kwd><kwd>chronic renal disease</kwd><kwd>angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors</kwd><kwd>overall survival</kwd><kwd>renal survival</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Костик М.М., Кучинская Е.М., Абдурагимова Ф.Н., Гурина О.П., Калашникова О.В., Часнык В.Г. Опыт применения ритуксимаба у детей с системной красной волчанкой: ретроспективное исследование серии случаев. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2016; 15 (3): 295–300. [Kostik M.M., Kuchinskaya E.M., Abduragimova F.N., Gurina O.P., Kalashnikova O.V., Chasnyk V.G. Experience using rituximab in children with systemic lupus red: retrospective study of a series of cases. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii 2016; 15(3): 295–300. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Костик М.М., Кучинская Е.М., Абдурагимова Ф.Н., Гурина О.П., Калашникова О.В., Часнык В.Г. Опыт применения ритуксимаба у детей с системной красной волчанкой: ретроспективное исследование серии случаев. Вопросы современной педиатрии. 2016; 15 (3): 295–300. [Kostik M.M., Kuchinskaya E.M., Abduragimova F.N., Gurina O.P., Kalashnikova O.V., Chasnyk V.G. Experience using rituximab in children with systemic lupus red: retrospective study of a series of cases. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii 2016; 15(3): 295–300. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Houssiau F.A., Lauwerys B.R. Current management of lupus nephritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 27(3): 319– 328. DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2013.07.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Houssiau F.A., Lauwerys B.R. Current management of lupus nephritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2013; 27(3): 319– 328. DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2013.07.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elmougy A., Sarhan A., Hammad A., El-Refaey A., Zedan M., Eid R. et al. Lupus nephritis in Egyptian children: a 16-year experience. J Nephrol 2015; 28(5): 557–562. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0157-х</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elmougy A., Sarhan A., Hammad A., El-Refaey A., Zedan M., Eid R. et al. Lupus nephritis in Egyptian children: a 16-year experience. J Nephrol 2015; 28(5): 557–562. DOI: 10.1007/s40620-014-0157-х</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almaani S., Meara A., Rovin B.H. Update on Lupus Nephritis. CJASN 2017; 12(5): 825–835. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05780616.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almaani S., Meara A., Rovin B.H. Update on Lupus Nephritis. CJASN 2017; 12(5): 825–835. DOI: 10.2215/CJN.05780616.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Batinić D., Milošević D., Čorić M., Topalović-Grković M., Jelušić M., Turudić D. Lupus nephritis in Croatian children: clinicopathologic findings and outcome. Lupus 2015; 24(3): 307–314. DOI: 10.1177/0961203314563133</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Batinić D., Milošević D., Čorić M., Topalović-Grković M., Jelušić M., Turudić D. Lupus nephritis in Croatian children: clinicopathologic findings and outcome. Lupus 2015; 24(3): 307–314. DOI: 10.1177/0961203314563133</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jebali H., Hajji M., Rais L., Hamida F.B., Beji S., Zouaghi M.K. Clinicopathological findings and outcome of lupus nephritis in Tunisian children: a review of 43 patients. Pan African Med J 2017; 27: 153. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.30/06/2017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jebali H., Hajji M., Rais L., Hamida F.B., Beji S., Zouaghi M.K. Clinicopathological findings and outcome of lupus nephritis in Tunisian children: a review of 43 patients. Pan African Med J 2017; 27: 153. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.30/06/2017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al-Mayouf S.M., AL Ameer A., Alfattani A., lsonbul A. Outcome of childhood lupus nephritis in Saudi children. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2017; 28(5): 1015–1020. DOI:10.4103/1319-2442.215142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al-Mayouf S.M., AL Ameer A., Alfattani A., lsonbul A. Outcome of childhood lupus nephritis in Saudi children. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2017; 28(5): 1015–1020. DOI:10.4103/1319-2442.215142</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wenderfer S.E., Ruth N.M., Brunner H.I. Advances in the care of children with lupus nephritis. Pediatr Res 2017; 81(3): 406–414. DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wenderfer S.E., Ruth N.M., Brunner H.I. Advances in the care of children with lupus nephritis. Pediatr Res 2017; 81(3): 406–414. DOI: 10.1038/pr.2016.247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">George J., Sankaramangalam K.P., Sinha A., Hari P., Dinda A.K., Bagga A. Lupus Nephritis in Indian Children: Flares and Refractory Illness. Indian Pediatr 2018; 55(6): 478–481. DOI: 10.1007/s13312-018-1337-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">George J., Sankaramangalam K.P., Sinha A., Hari P., Dinda A.K., Bagga A. Lupus Nephritis in Indian Children: Flares and Refractory Illness. Indian Pediatr 2018; 55(6): 478–481. DOI: 10.1007/s13312-018-1337-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yap D.Y., Cusen Y., Tac Mao Chan. Lupus nephritis: An update on treatments and pathogenesis. Nephrol (Carlton) 2018; 23(Suppl 4): 80–83. DOI: 10.1111/nep.13469 11. Tanaka H., Joh K., Imaizumi T. Treatment of pediatric-onset lupus nephritis: a proposal of optimal therapy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2017; 21(5): 755–763. DOI: 10.1007/s10157-017-1381-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yap D.Y., Cusen Y., Tac Mao Chan. Lupus nephritis: An update on treatments and pathogenesis. Nephrol (Carlton) 2018; 23(Suppl 4): 80–83. DOI: 10.1111/nep.13469 11. Tanaka H., Joh K., Imaizumi T. Treatment of pediatric-onset lupus nephritis: a proposal of optimal therapy. Clin Exp Nephrol 2017; 21(5): 755–763. DOI: 10.1007/s10157-017-1381-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quintana L.F., Jayne D. Sustained remission in lupus nephritis: still a hard road ahead. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31(12): 2011–2018. DOI: 10/1093/ndt/gfv381</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Quintana L.F., Jayne D. Sustained remission in lupus nephritis: still a hard road ahead. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31(12): 2011–2018. DOI: 10/1093/ndt/gfv381</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilhelmus S., Bajema I.M., Bertsias G.K., Boumpas D.T., Gordon C., Lightstone L. et al. Lupus nephritis management guidelines compared. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31(6): 904–913. DOI: 10/1093/ndt/gfv102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wilhelmus S., Bajema I.M., Bertsias G.K., Boumpas D.T., Gordon C., Lightstone L. et al. Lupus nephritis management guidelines compared. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2016; 31(6): 904–913. DOI: 10/1093/ndt/gfv102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Groot N., de Graeff N., Marks S.D., Brogan P., Avcin T., Bader-Meunier B. et al. European evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset lupus nephritis: the SHARE initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76(12): 1965–1973. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211898</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Groot N., de Graeff N., Marks S.D., Brogan P., Avcin T., Bader-Meunier B. et al. European evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of childhood-onset lupus nephritis: the SHARE initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76(12): 1965–1973. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211898</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tunnicliffe D.J., Singh-Greval D., Kim S., Criag J.C., Tong A. Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erytrematosus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Artritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67(10): 1440–52. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22591</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tunnicliffe D.J., Singh-Greval D., Kim S., Criag J.C., Tong A. Diagnosis, Monitoring and Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erytrematosus: A Systematic Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines. Artritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67(10): 1440–52. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22591</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mok C.C. Current role of rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 18(2): 154–163. DOI: 10.1111/1756-185Х.12463</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mok C.C. Current role of rituximab in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int J Rheum Dis 2015; 18(2): 154–163. DOI: 10.1111/1756-185Х.12463</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dall Era M. Treatment of lupus nephritis: current paradigms and emerging strategies. Curropin Rheumatol 2017; 29(3):241–247. DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000381</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dall Era M. Treatment of lupus nephritis: current paradigms and emerging strategies. Curropin Rheumatol 2017; 29(3):241–247. DOI: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000381</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова Е.В. Роль циклоспорина в лечении волчаночного нефрита (обзор литературы и два наблюдения). Нефрология и диализ 2007; 9(2): 192–197. [Zaharova E.V. The role of cyclosporine in the treatment of lupus nephritis. (literature review and two observations). Nefrologiya i dializ. 2007; 9(2): 192–197. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захарова Е.В. Роль циклоспорина в лечении волчаночного нефрита (обзор литературы и два наблюдения). Нефрология и диализ 2007; 9(2): 192–197. [Zaharova E.V. The role of cyclosporine in the treatment of lupus nephritis. (literature review and two observations). Nefrologiya i dializ. 2007; 9(2): 192–197. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith E.M.D., Beresford M.W. Urinary biomarkers in childhood lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2017; 185: 21–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith E.M.D., Beresford M.W. Urinary biomarkers in childhood lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2017; 185: 21–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.06.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Е.И., Дворяковская Т.М., Никишина И.П., Денисова Р.В., Подчерняева Н.С. Системная красная волчанка: клинические рекомендации. Часть 1. Вопросы современной педиатрии 2018; 17(1): 19–37. [Alekseeva E.I., Dvoryakovskaya T.M., Nikishina I.P., Denisova R.V., Podchernyaeva N.S. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical recommendations. Part 1. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii 2018; 17(1): 19–37. DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v17i1.1853. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алексеева Е.И., Дворяковская Т.М., Никишина И.П., Денисова Р.В., Подчерняева Н.С. Системная красная волчанка: клинические рекомендации. Часть 1. Вопросы современной педиатрии 2018; 17(1): 19–37. [Alekseeva E.I., Dvoryakovskaya T.M., Nikishina I.P., Denisova R.V., Podchernyaeva N.S. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical recommendations. Part 1. Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii 2018; 17(1): 19–37. DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v17i1.1853. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Соболева М.К., Симантовская Т.П., Соболь Н.М., Кольцова Е.В., Абдина Н.М., Тимохина В.П. и др. Поражение почек при системной красной волчанке у детей и подростков: особенности течения и исходы. Педиатрия 2012; 91(6): 22–28. [Soboleva M.K., Simantovskaya T.P., Sobol N.M., Koltsova E.V. Abdina N.M., Timochina V.P. et al. Kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents: features of the course and outcomes. Pediatriya 2012; 91(6): 22–28. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Соболева М.К., Симантовская Т.П., Соболь Н.М., Кольцова Е.В., Абдина Н.М., Тимохина В.П. и др. Поражение почек при системной красной волчанке у детей и подростков: особенности течения и исходы. Педиатрия 2012; 91(6): 22–28. [Soboleva M.K., Simantovskaya T.P., Sobol N.M., Koltsova E.V. Abdina N.M., Timochina V.P. et al. Kidney damage in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents: features of the course and outcomes. Pediatriya 2012; 91(6): 22–28. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hochberg M.C. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40(9): 1725–1732.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hochberg M.C. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum 1997; 40(9): 1725–1732.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wenderfer S.E., Eldin K.W. Lupus Nephritis. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019; 66(1): 87–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.pci.2018/08/007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wenderfer S.E., Eldin K.W. Lupus Nephritis. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019; 66(1): 87–99. DOI: 10.1016/j.pci.2018/08/007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Конради А.О. Рациональный выбор ингибитора АПФ с позиции нефропротекции. Артериальная гипертензия 2004; 10(4): 177–180. [Konradi A.O. The rational choice of an ACE inhibitor from a position of nephroprotection. Arterial’naya gipertenziya 2004; 10(4): 177–180. DOI: 10.18705/1607-419X-2004-10-4-177-180 (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Конради А.О. Рациональный выбор ингибитора АПФ с позиции нефропротекции. Артериальная гипертензия 2004; 10(4): 177–180. [Konradi A.O. The rational choice of an ACE inhibitor from a position of nephroprotection. Arterial’naya gipertenziya 2004; 10(4): 177–180. DOI: 10.18705/1607-419X-2004-10-4-177-180 (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Нефротический синдром у детей. Клинические рекомендации РФ, Союз педиатров России. М., 2014; 15. [Nephrotic syndrome in children. Clinical guidelines of the Russian Federation, Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Moscow, 2014; 15. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Нефротический синдром у детей. Клинические рекомендации РФ, Союз педиатров России. М., 2014; 15. [Nephrotic syndrome in children. Clinical guidelines of the Russian Federation, Union of Pediatricians of Russia. Moscow, 2014; 15. (in Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
