perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-2-13-20perinatology-1368Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSСиндром внезапной смерти младенцев (SIDS) – что нового?Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) – what is new?https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-5585КравцоваЛ. А.KravtsovaL. A.

Кравцова Любовь Арнольдовна – к.м.н., вед. науч. сотр. отдела детской кардиологии и аритмологии Научно-исследовательского клинического института педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2 

Moscow

lkavcova@pedklin.ru1ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И.Пирогова Минздрава РоссииРоссияVeltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation2021180520216621320Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20212021Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1368

Под синдромом внезапной смерти младенцев (SIDS) понимают неожиданную ненасильственную смерть видимо здорового ребенка первого года жизни, при которой отсутствуют адекватные для объяснения причины смерти, данные анамнеза и патоморфологического исследования. Факторы риска при синдроме внезапной смерти младенцев делятся на 2 основные группы: модифицируемые и немодифицируемые. К модифицируемым факторам риска относятся положение на животе во время сна, совместный сон младенца со взрослым, воздействие табачного дыма, наличие мягких постельных принадлежностей, недоношенность. К немодифицируемым факторам риска относятся уязвимость, обусловленная морфофункциональной незрелостью; критический возрастной период развития; экзогенный стрессор. На основании совокупного воздействия всех немодифицируемых факторов риска построена модель «тройного риска».Показано, что в основе большинства современных концепций патогенеза синдрома внезапной смерти младенцев лежат генетические механизмы. Основными гипотезами танатогенеза при синдроме внезапной смерти младенцев являются врожденные дефекты метаболизма, иммунологическая некомпетентность, серотонинергическая дисфункция, SIDS-критическая диафрагменная недостаточность, кардиогенные механизмы. Главные успехи в снижении уровня синдрома внезапной смерти младенцев в настоящее время достигнуты благодаря контролю над модифицируемыми факторами риска, лежащими в основе развития синдрома.

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is an unexpected non-violent death of an apparently healthy child in the first year of life, with no rational explanations for the death cause, anamnesis and pathomorphological studies. Risk factors of SIDS are divided into two main groups – modifiable and non-modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include: sleeping in the prone position, infant and adult sleeping together, tobacco smoke, soft bedding, and prematurity. Non-modifiable risk factors include: vulnerability due to morphofunctional dismaturity; critical period of lifespan development; exogenous stress factor. The cumulative impact of all non-modifiable risk factors was used to develop a «triple risk» model.Today, the majority of modern concepts of the sudden infant death syndrome pathogenesis are based on genetic mechanisms. The main hypotheses of thanatogenesis in SIDS are congenital metabolic defects, immunologic incompetence, serotonergic dysfunction, SIDS-critical diaphragmatic failure, cardiogenic mechanisms. The main success in reducing the SIDS rate has been achieved by controlling modifiable risk factors underlying the syndrome development.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.