perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-2-21-28perinatology-1369Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSНеонатальные тромбозы: причины, патогенез, особенности терапииNeonatal thrombosis: causes, pathogenesis, treatment featureshttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3815-1325БайрашевскаяА. В.BairashevskayaA. V.

Байрашевская Анастасия Васильевна – студент III курса клинического института детского здоровья им. Н.Ф. Филатова Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)119146 Москва, Большая Пироговская ул., д. 19, с. 1 

Moscow

starnastya21@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5472-415XКытькоО. В.KytkoO. V.

Кытько Олеся Васильевна – к.м.н., доц. кафедры оперативной хирургии и топографической анатомии Института клинической медицины им. Н.В. Склифосовского Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета имени И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский университет)119146 Москва, Большая Пироговская ул., д. 19, с. 1 

Moscow

ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)РоссияSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Russian Federation2021180520216622128Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20212021Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1369

Неонатальный тромбоз встречается у 2,4–7% новорожденных, среди которых более 50% являются недоношенными. Этот синдром характеризуется отеком конечности, болевым ощущением, гипертермией конечностей, выпотом в брюшную полость, гематурией и другими признаками. Причинами неонатального тромбоза считают как физиологические особенности системы гемостаза новорожденного, так и состояние здоровья матери, а также внешние факторы. В настоящее время для лечения больных с неонатальными тромбозами используют тромболитическую терапию, гепарины; в критических случаях выполняют тромбэктомию. В терапии особое внимание уделяется таким препаратам, как дабигатран, данапароид, гирудин, аргатробан, апиксабан, ривароксабан и фондапаринукс натрия, которые оказывают положительный эффект при лечении взрослых пациентов. Создание удобных форм антикоагулянтов, определение точных доз в соответствии с массой и возрастом ребенка, проведение исследований для оценки влияния тромболитических препаратов, применяемых во взрослой практике, на организм новорожденного, а также подтверждение эффективности рекомбинантного тканевого активатора плазминогена – вопросы, которые необходимо решить, чтобы снизить риск развития неонатальных тромбов и их тяжелых последствий.

Neonatal thrombosis occurs in 2.4–7% of newborns, more than half of them are premature. The syndrome is characterized by limb edema, pain syndrome, hyperthermia of the extremities, abdominal effusion, hematuria and other symptoms. Both the physiological characteristics of the hemostasis system of the newborn, and the state of health of the mother and external factors are considered the causes of neonatal thrombosis. For the moment thrombolytic therapy, heparins and, in critical cases, thrombectomy are used to treat neonatal thrombosis. Particular attention is paid to drugs which have a positive effect in the treatment of adults, such as dabigatran, danaparoid, hirudin, argatroban, apixaban, rivaroxaban and sodium fondaparinux. Development of convenient forms of anticoagulants, determination of age- and weight-dependent doses, study of the effect of thrombolytic drugs used in adult practice on the newborn’s body, as well as confirmation of the effectiveness of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator – these are the questions that need to be resolved to reduce the risk of developing neonatal blood clots and their severe consequences.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.