perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-4-32-38perinatology-1441Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSЭкссудативный средний отит: основные причины развития в детском возрасте. Часть IExudative otitis media in children: the main causes. Part Ihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2374-3005СавенкоИ. В.SavenkoI. V.

Савенко Ирина Владимировна – к.м.н., ст. науч. сотр. лаборатории слуха и речи

197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

St. Petersburg

irina@savenko.suhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2453-523XБобошкоМ. Ю.BoboshkoM. Yu.

Бобошко Мария Юрьевна – д.м.н., проф., зав. лабораторией слуха и речи Первого Санкт-Петербургского государственного медицинского университета им. академика И. П. Павлова; проф. кафедры оториноларингологии Северо-Западного государственного медицинского университета им. И. И. Мечникова

197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Льва Толстого, д. 6–8

St. Petersburg

ФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И. П. Павлова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Первый Санкт-Петербургский государственный медицинский университет им. академика И. П. Павлова» Минздрава России; ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И. И. Мечникова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University; Mechnikov Northwest State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2021270920216643238Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20212021Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1441

Средний отит, в том числе экссудативный – одно из наиболее распространенных заболеваний детского возраста. Практически бессимптомное его течение у детей раннего и дошкольного возраста обусловливает вероятность возникновения тугоухости, которая может быть не распознана своевременно. Имеющийся в таких случаях, как правило, минимальный слуховой дефицит будет существенно влиять на слухоречевое развитие ребенка, становление его высших корковых функций. Именно педиатры в своей практической деятельности первыми сталкиваются с проявлениями экссудативного среднего отита. В связи с этим представляется актуальным наличие у них достаточных знаний о заболевании, в том числе о наиболее распространенных причинах и факторах риска его развития. В первой части обзора литературы рассмотрены теории формирования экссудативного среднего отита, роль вирусной и бактериальной флоры в развитии заболевания, влияние обструкции слуховой трубы на фоне новообразований носоглотки, краниофациальных аномалий (в том числе при хромосомных аберрациях), аллергических заболеваний, риносинуситов и аденоидитов.

Otitis media, including exudative otitis, is one of the most common childhood diseases. Almost asymptomatic course in children of early and preschool age leads to undiagnosed hearing loss. In such cases the minimal auditory deficit significantly affects the auditory-speech development and the formation of higher cortical functions in children. It is pediatricians who are the first to deal with the manifestations of exudative otitis media. Consequently, their knowledge and understanding of the disease, including the most common causes and risk factors, is important. The first part of the literature review considers the theories of the exudative otitis media formation, the role of viral and bacterial flora in the development of the disease, the effect of obstruction of the auditory tube against the background of nasopharyngeal neoplasms, craniofacial anomalies (including chromosomal aberrations), allergic diseases, rhinosinusitis and adenoiditis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.