References

perinatology

Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии

Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)

1027-40652500-2228

Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”

perinatology-153

Research Article

ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

REVIEWS

Хронопатологические аспекты расстройств сна и когнитивных функций у детей с нарушениями зрения

Chronopathological aspects of sleep disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in children with visual impairments

Кельмансон

И. А.

Kelmanson

I. A.

Институт специальной педагогики и психологии Международного университета семьи и ребенка им. Рауля Валленберга, Санкт-ПетербургРоссияInstitute of Special Pedagogics and Psychology, Raoul Wallenberg International University for Family and Child, Saint PetersburgRussian Federation

2015

13032016

6054250

2016

Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”

https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice

https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/153

Наиболее значимый и заметный ритмический феномен, наблюдаемый в организме человека, - ритм сна-бодрствования и связанные с ним изменения физических и психических процессов. Важнейшими являются так называемые циркадиан-ные ритмы, которые меняются с периодичностью приблизительно 24 ч. Главным циркадианным пейсмекером у млекопитающих является супрахиазматическое ядро гипоталамуса, и из всех стимулов, получаемых этой структурой, максимально изучены световые импульсы. Световые импульсы, не связанные со зрительным восприятием, служат наиболее важными синхронизаторами циркадианных ритмов. У детей с нарушениями зрения отсутствует адекватная световая стимуляция, и, как следствие, с высокой вероятностью формируются нарушения циркадианных ритмов, усугубляются когнитивные нарушения. Рассматриваются важнейшие варианты расстройств сна у детей с нарушениями зрения, обсуждаются их негативные последствия для когнитивных функций ребенка, намечаются возможные подходы к коррекции.

The most important and noticeable rhythmical phenomenon observed in the human body is a sleep-wake rhythm and related physical and mental changes. The so-called circadian rhythms that vary over a period of approximately 24 hours are most important. The suprachi-asmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus is a primary circadian pacemaker in mammals; and light pulses out of all stimuli obtained by this structure have been mostly studied. The light pulses unrelated to visual perception serve as the most important synchronizers of circadian rhythms. Children with visual impairments lack adequate photic stimulation and hence circadian rhythm disorders develop and cognitive impairments worsen with a high probability. The most important types of sleep disorders in children with visual impairments are considered; their negative impact on a child's cognitive functions is discussed; possible correction approaches are laid down.

детикогнитивные функцииобучениеслепотасонциркадианныеритмы.

childrencognitive functionseducationblindnesssleepcircadian rhythms.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.