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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-5-78-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-1705</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR THE PRACTITIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Цирроз печени у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Liver cirrhosis in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-7427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой педиатрии с инфекционными болезнями у детей факультета дополнительного профессионального образования,</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luba2k@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1741-7246</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoriev</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф. кафедры педиатрии с инфекционными заболеваниями у детей факультета  дополнительного после дипломного образования,</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1  </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>67</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>78</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1705">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1705</self-uri><abstract><p>Цирроз печени у детей и подростков является следствием разнообразных хронических заболеваний печени, метаболических расстройств и генетических заболеваний. У детей грудного возраста цирроз печени чаще всего обусловлен атрезией желчевыводящих путей и генетико-метаболическими заболеваниями, тогда как у детей более старшего возраста, как правило, возникает в результате аутоиммунного гепатита, болезни Вильсона, дефицита альфа-1-антитрипсина и первичного склерозирующего холангита. Симптомы цирроза печени у детей и подростков малоспецифичны. У педиатрических пациентов первым признаком цирроза печени может быть низкая прибавка массы тела, слабость, потеря аппетита, субфебрилитет, а также более специфические признаки — преходящая желтуха, легкий кожный зуд, носовые кровотечения, тяжесть в правом подреберье, изменение плотности печени при пальпации, гипербилирубинемия, гиперферментемия и др. Осложнения цирроза печени у детей аналогичны тем, которые наблюдаются у взрослых пациентов, и включают желудочно-кишечное кровотечение, вызванное варикозным расширением вен пищевода, асцит и спонтанный бактериальный перитонит. В педиатрической практике особое внимание при циррозе печени следует уделять коррекции питания, поскольку у детей более высокие потребности в белке и микроэлементах для роста и развития. Лечение портальной гипертензии вследствие цирроза печени у детей и подростков основано на методах, разработанных для взрослых. В статье рассмотрены диагностические и дифференциально-диагностические аспекты терминальной стадии заболевания печени у детей. Терапевтическое ведение пациентов с циррозом печени и острой хронической печеночной недостаточностью основано на поддержке различных органных функций. Гемодиализ/плазмаферез могут служить у некоторых пациентов в качестве промежуточной терапии перед трансплантацией печени. Рассмотрены показания к трансплантации печени и проблемы, возникающие после оперативного вмешательства. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Liver cirrhosis in children and adolescents is a consequence of a variety of chronic liver diseases, metabolic disorders, and genetic diseases. In infants, cirrhosis is most often due to biliary atresia and genetic-metabolic diseases, while in older children it usually occurs as a result of autoimmune hepatitis, Wilson’s disease, alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Symptoms of cirrhosis in children and adolescents are not specific. In pediatric patients, the first sign of cirrhosis may more often be low weight gain, weakness, loss of appetite, low-grade fever, as well as more specific signs: transient jaundice, mild pruritus, epistaxis, heaviness in the right hypochondrium, changes in liver density on palpation, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperenzymemia, etc. Complications of pediatric cirrhosis are similar to those observed in adult patients and include gastrointestinal bleeding caused by esophageal varices, ascites, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In pediatric practice, special attention should be paid to nutritional correction in liver cirrhosis since children have higher requirements for protein and micronutrients for growth and development. Treatment of cirrhosis-induced portal hypertension in children and adolescents is mainly based on methods developed for adults. The article deals with diagnostic and differential diagnostic aspects of the terminal stage of liver disease in children. The therapeutic management of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and acute renal failure is based on support of various organ functions. Hemodialysis/ plasmapheresis may serve in some patients as an interim therapy before liver transplantation. The indications for liver transplantation and problems arising after surgery are considered. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>цирроз</kwd><kwd>острая хроническая печеночная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>портальная гипертензия</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>cirrhosis</kwd><kwd>acute-on-chronic liver failure</kwd><kwd>portal hypertension</kwd><kwd>nutrition</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pinto R.B., Schneider A.C.R., da Silveira Th.R. Cirrhosis in children and adolescents: An overview. World J Hepatol 2015; 7(3): 392-405. 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