perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-6-7-13perinatology-1736Research ArticleПЕРЕДОВАЯEDITORIALНедоношенный ребенок и оценка его возможностей для школьного обучения к 7-летнему возрасту (роль междисциплинарного подхода)Premature children and assessment of their capability for school education by 7 years of age (the role of interdisciplinary approachhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-7782КешишянЕ. С.KeshishyanE. S.

Кешишян Елена Соломоновна - д.м.н., проф., рук. отдела неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5770-6536ЗибороваМ. И.ZiborovaM. I.

Зиборова Мария Игоревна - науч. сотр. отдела неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-230XСахароваЕ. С.SakharovaE. S.

Сахарова Елена Станиславовна - д.м.н., вед. науч. сотр. отдела неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста

125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2

Moscow

ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава РоссииРоссияVeltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202207012023676713Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20232023Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1736

В  последние десятилетия  наблюдается  отчетливый  рост  числа  детей,  рожденных  глубоко  и экстремально  недоношенными без структурных органических поражений нервной системы. Всестороннее исследование и клинические наблюдения за этими  детьми  выявляют их  отличия от доношенных  сверстников, наиболее очевидные  к началу  школьного  обучения. В данной статье мы рассматриваем особенности когнитивной сферы, поведения и социализации этих детей, уделяя внимание ключевым биосоциальным факторам их развития, таким как долгосрочное влияние раннего неонатального периода на формирование мозговых структур и связей и «переустановку» нейрогуморальной системы, роль геномного полиморфизма, особую значимость благоприятного окружения для эмоционального благополучия и успеха этих детей среди сверстников. Знание и понимание специфики развития глубоконедоношенных детей, характерных рисков нарушения поведения и социальной дезадаптации представляет большую практическую значимость для междисциплинарной организации пролонгированного сопровождения этих детей в виде соответствующих медико-психолого-педагогических программ.

In recent decades, there has been a distinct increase in the number of deeply and extremely preterm children without structural organic lesions of the nervous system. A comprehensive study and clinical observations of these children reveal their differences from full-term peers, becoming the most obvious by the beginning of schooling. In this article, we consider the cognitive, behavioral, and socializing features of these children, paying attention to key biosocial factors of their development, such as the long-term influence of the early neonatal period on the formation of brain structures and connections and the «resetting» of the neurohumoral system, the role of genomic polymorphism, the special importance of a favorable environment for the emotional well-being and success of these children among their peers. Knowledge and understanding of extremely preterm infants’ specific development, typical risks of behavioral disorders and social disfavor is of great practical importance for prolonged interdisciplinary follow-up — in the form of appropriate medical, educational, and psychological programs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.