perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2022-67-6-14-24perinatology-1737Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSКоронавирусная инфекция COVID-19 у детей: клиническая картина, диагностика, вакцинация и лечениеCOVID-19 coronavirus infection in children: Clinical presentation, diagnosis, vaccination, and treatmentРыковМ. Ю.RykovM. Yu.

Рыков Максим Юрьевич - д.м.н.,доцент, заведующий кафедрой онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии

129226 Москва, ул. Вильгельма Пика, 4

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-1220ДолгополовИ. С.DolgopolovI. S.

Долгополов Игорь Станиславович - д.м.н., зав. кафедрой педиатрии педиатрического факультета, начальник Педиатрического медицинского центра

170100 Тверь, ул. Советская, д. 4

Tver

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный социальный университет»; ФГБНУ «Национальный научно-исследовательский институт общественного здоровья им. Н.А. Семашко»РоссияRussian State Social University; Semashko National Research Institute of Public HealthRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияTver State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2022070120236761424Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20232023Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1737

В конце 2019 г. новый подтип коронавируса, названный коронавирусом тяжелого острого респираторного синдрома 2-го типа (COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2) быстро распространился по миру, вызвав глобальную пандемию. Изначально доля подтвержденных случаев среди детей была относительно небольшой, и считалось, что дети заражаются редко. Последующие наблюдения показали, что у детей и подростков инфекция либо протекает бессимптомно, либо сопровождается минимальной клинической симптоматикой, в связи с чем истинная заболеваемость недооценивается или переоценивается из-за низкого уровня тестирования. В статье систематизированы результаты исследований, посвященных распространенности, диагностике, клинической картине, вакцинации и лечению детей с новой коронавирусной инфекцией COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2.Уровень положительных результатов SARS-CoV-2 на протяжении всего пика пандемии у детей был низким по сравнению с таковым у взрослых. Дети не только реже заражаются вирусом, но и переносят инфекцию легче, чем взрослые. Летальность у детей с COVID-19 составляла менее 0,5%. У большинства детей заражение протекает либо бессимптомно, либо сопровождается стертой клинической картиной. Вакцинация детей и подростков рекомендуется в основном для достижения коллективного иммунитета во всех возрастных группах. Однако отсутствуют убедительные данные о длительности иммунного ответа, уровне необходимого защитного титра антител, а также об отдаленных побочных эффектах вакцинации в связи с недостаточным сроком наблюдения и неопределенностью критериев иммунного ответа. По мере накопления информации о вирусной нагрузке у детей и подростков, их роли в передаче вируса оптимизированы подходы к диагностике в этой возрастной группе. Эффективность лечения протестирована на пациентах, госпитализированных в стационар, и разработаны рекомендации по лечению. В настоящее время глобальные исследовательские усилия сосредоточены на защите особенно уязвимых детей, перспективах тотальной вакцинации детей, ее эффективности и безопасности

In late 2019, a new subtype of coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread around the world, causing a global pandemic. Initially, the proportion of confirmed cases among children was relatively small, and it was believed that children were rarely infected. Subsequent observations have shown that in children and adolescents, the infection is either asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic, and therefore the true incidence is underestimated due to the lack of testing. The article systematizes the results of studies on the prevalence, diagnosis, clinical features, vaccination, and treatment of children with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2. The SARS-CoV-2 positivity rate throughout the peak of the pandemic in children was low compared to adults. Children are not only less likely to become infected with the virus, but they also endure the infection more easily than adults. The mortality rate in children with COVID-19 was <0.5%. In most children, infection is either asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. Vaccination of children and adolescents is recommended mainly to achieve herd immunity in all age groups. However, there are no convincing data on the duration of the immune response, the level of the required protective antibody titer, as well as on the long-term side effects of vaccination due to the insufficient follow-up period and the uncertainty of the immune response criteria. As information is accumulated on the viral load of children and adolescents, their role in the transmission of the virus, diagnostic approaches in this age group are optimized. The effectiveness of the treatment was tested on patients admitted to the hospital, and recommendations for treatment were developed. Currently, global research efforts are focused on the protection of particularly vulnerable children, the prospects for total childhood vaccination, its effectiveness and safety.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.