perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-1-11-15perinatology-1770Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSКлинико-патофизиологические аспекты нарушения обмена воды и натрия у новорожденных и неврологические осложненияClinical and pathophysiological aspects of impaired water and sodium metabolism in newborns and neurological complicationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2480-6407ТарасоваЗ. Г.TarasovaZ. G.

Тарасова Зоя Германовна — к.м.н., асс. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии

414000 Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121

Astrakhan

zoya_isenalieva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-7896КирилочевО. К.KirilochevO. K.

Кирилочев Олег Константинович — д.м.н., доц., проф. кафедры анестезиологии и реаниматологии

414000 Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121

Astrakhan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-6212СагитоваГ. Р.SagitovaG. R.

Сагитова Гульнара Рафиковна — д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии

414000 Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121

Astrakhan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7353-3615ЧеркасовН. С.CherkasovN. S.

Черкасов Николай Степанович — д.м.н., проф. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии

414000 Астрахань, ул. Бакинская, д. 121

Astrakhan

ФГБОУ ВО «Астраханский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияAstrakhan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation2023010320236811115Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20232023Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1770

В представленном обзоре литературы рассмотрены патофизиологические особенности обмена воды и натрия у новорожденных. Основные механизмы, регулирующие водно-электролитный баланс у новорожденных, недостаточно изучены. Объем и состав внеклеточной жидкости обеспечиваются функциональной активностью почек под контролем нейроэндокринной системы. Основная роль в регулировании почками экскреции воды принадлежит антидиуретическому гормону. Объем внутриклеточной жидкости регулируется пассивным транспортом воды с участием аквапоринов. Лабильность водно-электролитного обмена у новорожденных может сопровождаться гипонатриемией. Для различных патологических состояний в неонатальном периоде характерны определенные виды гипонатриемии. Коррекция гипонатриемии должна проводиться c учетом ее патофизиологического вида. Гипонатриемия — распространенное осложнение, которое ассоциируется с тяжелым поражением головного мозга у новорожденных. Гипонатриемия способствует повреждению головного мозга как самостоятельный фактор. Исследование показателей водно-электролитного баланса в неонатальном периоде имеет важное прогностическое значение для раннего выявления поражения центральной нервной системы.

This literature review covers the pathophysiological features of water and sodium exchange in newborns. The main mechanisms regulating fluid and electrolyte balance in newborns are poorly studied. The volume and composition of the extracellular fluid are provided by the functional activity of the kidneys under the control of the neuroendocrine system. The antidiuretic hormone plays the main role in the regulation of water excretion by the kidneys. The volume of intracellular fluid depends on the passive water transport with the participation of aquaporins. Lability of water and electrolyte metabolism in newborns may be accompanied by hyponatremia. For various pathological conditions in the neonatal period, certain types of hyponatremias are characteristic. Correction of hyponatremia should be carried out taking into account its pathophysiological type. Hyponatremia is a common complication associated with severe neonatal brain damage. Hyponatremia contributes to brain damage as an independent factor. The study of indicators of water and electrolyte balance in the neonatal period has an important prognostic value for early detection of damage to the central nervous system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.