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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-1-97-104</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-1781</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ СЛУЧАИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL CASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Врожденный туберкулез легких</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Congenital pulmonary tuberculosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9777-1220</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долгополов</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolgopolov</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долгополов Игорь Станиславович — д.м.н., зав. кафедрой педиатрии педиатрического факультета</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8181-0683</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федерякина</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Federiakina</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Федерякина Ольга Борисовна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры педиатрии педиатрического факультета</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6674-1598</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волженина</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volzhenina</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волженина Ольга Михайловна — зав. отделением патологии новорожденных</p><p>170100 Тверь, ул. А. Дементьева, д. 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-0400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерохина</surname><given-names>Г. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Erokhina</surname><given-names>G. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ерохина Галина Георгиевна — врач отделения патологии новорожденных</p><p>170100 Тверь, ул. А. Дементьева, д. 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-4982</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонов</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leonov</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Леонов Константин Александрович — зав. отделением анестезиологии и реанимации</p><p>170100 Тверь, ул. А. Дементьева, д. 50</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6856-3609</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шнейвайс</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shneivais</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шнейвайс Анжелла Олеговна — врач-фтизиатр-педиатр инфекционного отделения</p><p>170001 Тверь, наб. Степана Разина, д. 23</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-9382</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сядрин</surname><given-names>М. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Siadrin</surname><given-names>M. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сядрин Максим Геннадьевич — студент VI курса педиатрического факультета</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8398-7001</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рыков</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rykov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Рыков Максим Юрьевич — д.м.н., доцент, заведующий кафедрой онкологии, гематологии и лучевой терапии; научный сотрудник</p><p>129226 Москва, ул. Вильгельма Пика, 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">wordex2006@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Тверской государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ТО «Детская городская клиническая больница №1»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s City Clinical Hospital No. 1</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ ТО «Детская областная клиническая больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский государственный социальный университет»; ФГБНУ «Национальный НИИ общественного здоровья имени Н.А. Семашко»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Social University; N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>97</fpage><lpage>104</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1781">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1781</self-uri><abstract><p>Врожденный туберкулез (ВТБ) — абсолютно фатальное в отсутствие адекватной терапии заболевание, диагностика которого затруднена в связи с полиморфностью и неспецифичностью клинической картины, а также отсутствием настороженности у неонатологов и педиатров. К настоящему времени в доступной литературе описано менее 500 подтвержденных случаев врожденного туберкулеза. Смертность колеблется от 15 до 33%. Ранняя диагностика и адекватная терапия оказывают решающее значение на исход заболевания. Представлено описание 2 случаев врожденного туберкулеза легких у недоношенных детей с отягощенным социальным и семейным анамнезом по туберкулезу. Клиническая и рентгенологическая картина поражения легких дебютировали на 27-й и 52-й дни жизни соответственно. В клинической картине доминировали симптомы поражения легких: одышка, снижение насыщения (сатурации) крови кислородом, потребовавшее терапии кислородом, лихорадка у одного ребенка и нарушение общего самочувствия. Рентгенологически определялась картина двустороннего полисегментарного инфильтративного поражения легких с формированием полости деструкции в одном случае. Диагноз поставлен после обнаружения в аспирате из желудка ДНК Mycobacteria tuberculosis. Пациенты получали терапию по схеме, предназначенной для форм с множественной лекарственной устойчивостью, с включением классических противотуберкулезных препаратов в комбинации с линезолидом, фторхинолонами, меропенемом и аминогликозидами. Инфекционный синдром у недоношенного новорожденного, ассоциированный с пневмонией, устойчивой к стандартной антибиотикотерапии, наличие туберкулеза у матери, родственников или сиблингов обусловливает необходимость проведения анализов для выявления M. tuberculosis и инструментальной диагностики. Ранняя диагностика и лечение необходимы для улучшения прогноза заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Congenital tuberculosis is a fatal disease in the absence of treatment. The diagnosis is difficult due to polymorphic and nonspecific symptoms in neonates, as well as the lack of alertness of neonatologists and pediatricians. Less than 500 confirmed cases of congenital tuberculosis have been described in the available literature. Mortality ranges from 15 to 33%. Early diagnosis and adequate therapy are essential to improve the prognosis of the disease. Two cases of pulmonary congenital tuberculosis in premature neonates with a positive maternal and familial history of tuberculosis is presented. The clinical symptoms and radiological features started on the days 24 and 48 of life, respectively. Shortness of breath, low blood oxygen level requiring oxygen therapy, fever, and impaired general well-being revealed. The chest X-ray revealed bilateral polysegmental infiltrative lesions with the formation of a cavity of destruction in one case. The diagnosis was established after the detection of M. tuberculosis DNA in gastric aspirates. Patients received therapy according to a regimen designed for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, including conventional anti-TB drugs in combination with linezolid, fluoroquinolones, meropenem, and aminoglycosides. The infectious syndrome in a premature newborn associated with pneumonia resistant to standard antibiotic therapy, the presence of tuberculosis in the mother, relatives, or siblings require a work-up for the detection of M. tuberculosis and instrumental diagnostics. Early diagnosis and treatment are critical for improving the prognosis of the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>врожденный туберкулез</kwd><kwd>лихорадка</kwd><kwd>пневмония</kwd><kwd>недоношенный новорожденный</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>congenital tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>fever</kwd><kwd>pneumonia</kwd><kwd>preterm newborn</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kini P.G. Congenital tuberculosis associated with maternal asymptomatic endometrial tuberculosis. 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