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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-4-39-XX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-1846</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Особенности когнитивного и социокоммуникативного развития детей, родившихся с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела в возрасте 24–36 мес жизни. Темпы развития или патология?</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cognitive development and social communication of premature low and extremely low weight at birth at age 24–36 month of life. Is it normal or pathology?</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-7782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кешишян</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keshishian</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Соломоновна Кешишян, д. м. н., проф., рук. отдела</p><p>отдел неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста</p><p>125412</p><p>ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekeshishian@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-230X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елена Станиславовна Сахарова, д. м. н., вед. науч. сотр.</p><p>отдел неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста</p><p>125412</p><p>ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии им. академика Ю. Е. Вельтищева» (Институт Вельтищева) ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н. И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>09</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>68</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1846">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1846</self-uri><abstract><p>   В статье представлены к обсуждению данные об особенностях прироста психомоторных навыков и, в частности, когнитивного и речевого развития у детей, родившихся на малых сроках беременности (менее 28 нед), в период 24–48 мес жизни. При ретроспективном анализе, проведенном у 50 детей в возрасте 5–7 лет, показано, что у 42 (84 %) из них когнитивное и речевое развитие было значительно замедлено в возрасте 24–36 мес жизни, но в последующем отмечался «скачок» в развитии, позволивший им сравняться с доношенными сверстниками к этому возрасту, с сохранением особенностей поведения, не нарушающих их социальную интеграцию. Обсуждается вопрос о несоответствии условных нормативов развития скорригированному возрасту и необходимости разработки новых подходов к оценке развития и прогноза у детей этой группы. На малой выборке показано, что дети с «задержкой когнитивного развития», но в дальнейшем демонстрирующие благоприятный исход, не имели геномных нарушений и соответственно не нуждаются во включении в диагностический поиск методов оценки генома. В алгоритме показаний кроме нарушения когнитивного развития в возрасте старше 3 лет должны быть дополнительные маркеры, такие как пороки развития, неблагоприятное течение специфических заболеваний, связанных с недоношенностью (ретинопатия, бронхолегочная дисплазия, несоответствие предполагаемой причине тяжести неврологического дефекта).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   The article presents data to discuss the peculiarities of the growth of psychomotor skills and, in particular, cognitive and speech development in children born at early pregnancy less than 28 weeks over the period of 24–48 months of life. A retrospective analysis of 50 children aged 5–7 years showed that for 42 of them (84 %) cognitive and speech development was significantly delayed at 24–36 months of life, with a subsequent «jump» in development that allowed them by this age to catch up with fullterm babies, though preserving peculiarities of behavior, that did not interfere with their social integration. The inconsistency of conditional developmental norms with the adjusted age and the need to develop new approaches to the assessment of development and prognosis for this group of children are discussed here. It is shown on a small sample that children with «delayed cognitive development,» but subsequently demonstrating a favorable outcome, had no genomic abnormalities and, accordingly, do not require the inclusion of genomic evaluation methods in the diagnostic search. In the algorithm of indications, besides impaired cognitive development at the age of more than 3 years, there should be additional markers, such as malformations, unfavorable course of specific diseases associated with prematurity (retinopathy, BPD, mismatch of the assumed reason for the severity of neurological defects).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные дети с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела</kwd><kwd>психомоторное развитие</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>геном</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Premature infants with low and extremely low body weight</kwd><kwd>psychomotor development</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>genome</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Володин Н.Н., Кешишян Е.С., Панкратьева Л.Л., Мостовой А.В., Овсянников Д.Ю., Карпова А.Л., и др. 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