perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2023-68-5-5-10perinatology-1867Research ArticleПЕРЕДОВАЯEDITORIALПарэховирусные инфекции у детей: современные представленияHuman parechovirus infections in children: modern conceptshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9394-5879СабитоваА. М.SabitovaA. M.

Сабитова Альфия Махмутовна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры детских инфекций 

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Kazan

sabitova00@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-9081АнохинВ. А.AnokhinV. A.

Анохин Владимир Алексеевич — д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой детских инфекций 

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-5512ХалиуллинаС. В.KhaliullinaS. V.

Халиуллина Светлана Викторовна — д.м.н., проф. кафедры детских инфекций 

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1362-0183ФаткуллинаГ. Р.FatkullinaG. R.

Фаткуллина Гузель Роальдовна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры детских инфекций 

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9851-2386ЕвдокимоваА. Э.EvdokimovaA. E.

Евдокимова Арина Эдуардовна — ординатор кафедры детских инфекций 

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Kazan

ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKazan State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202313112023685510Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20232023Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1867

В статье дан обзор современных представлений о парэховирусной инфекции у детей. Парэховирусы сегодня — частая причина инфекционных заболеваний в детстве, клинически проявляющаяся острым гастроэнтеритом, патологией верхних дыхательных путей, лихорадкой, сыпью. Тяжелые формы с поражением центральной нервной системы или развитием сепсиса возможны у новорожденных и грудных детей и связаны преимущественно с 3-м типом парэхововируса А. Инфекция передается преимущественно фекально-оральным и капельным путями. Основной метод диагностики инфекции — обнаружение РНК-вируса методом полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени в спинномозговой жидкости, крови и кале. Лечение парэховирусной инфекции пока не разработано.

This article is a review of modern ideas about human parechovirus infection in children. At this time human parechoviruses are a common cause of infectious diseases in childhood with clinical presentation of acute gastroenteritis, upper respiratory tract pathology, fever, and rash. Severe forms damaging the central nervous system or the development of sepsis are possible in newborns and infants and are almost exclusively associated with parechovirus A type 3 (HPeV-A3). The infection is transmitted mainly via food and droplet routes. The main method of infection diagnosis is the detection of viral RNA by real-time PCR in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and feces. No treatment for the parechovirus infection has been developed so far.

детипарэховирусыинфекцияноворожденныенеонатальный сепсисchildrenparechovirusesinfectionnewbornsneonatal sepsisReferencesTanaka S., Aoki Y., Matoba Y., Yahagi K., Itagaki T., Matsuzaki Y. et al. Seroepidemiology of human parechovirus types 1, 3, and 6 in Yamagata, Japan, in 2014. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60: 854–858. DOI: 10.1111/1348–0421.12456Tanaka S., Aoki Y., Matoba Y., Yahagi K., Itagaki T., Matsuzaki Y. et al. Seroepidemiology of human parechovirus types 1, 3, and 6 in Yamagata, Japan, in 2014. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 60: 854–858. DOI: 10.1111/1348–0421.12456Новикова Н.А., Голицына Л.Н., Селиванова С.Г., Зверев В.В., Пономарева Н.В., Леонов А.В. и др. Заболеваемость, этиологическая структура и вопросы профилактики энтеровирусной (неполио) инфекции. Информационный бюллетень Референс-центра по мониторингу энтеровирусных инфекций. ФБУН ННИИЭМ им. академика И.Н. Блохиной Роспотребнадзора. Нижний Новгород, 2022; 16.Novikova N.A., Golycina L.N., Selivanova S.G., Zverev V.V., Ponomareva N.V., Leonov A.V. et al. Morbidity, etiological structure and issues of prevention of enterovirus (non-polio) infection. Information Bulletin of the Reference Center for Monitoring Enteroviral Infections. Scientific Research Institute of Epidimiology and Microbiology named after academician I.N. Blockin. Nizhniy Novgorod, 2022; 16. (in Russ.)Wigand R., Sabin A.B. Properties of ECHO types 22, 23 and 24 viruses. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1961; 11: 224–247. DOI: 10.1007/BF01241688Wigand R., Sabin A.B. Properties of ECHO types 22, 23 and 24 viruses. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 1961; 11: 224–247. DOI: 10.1007/BF01241688Current ICTV Taxonomy Release [Электронный ресурс]. https://ictv.global/taxonomy / Ссылка активна на 11.07.2023.Current ICTV Taxonomy Release [Электронный ресурс]. https://ictv.global/taxonomy / Ссылка активна на 11.07.2023.Aizawa Y., Suzuki Y., Watanabe K., Oishi T., Saitoh A. Clinical utility of serum samples for human parechovirus type 3 infection in neonates and young infants: The 2014 epidemic in Japan. J Infect 2016; 72(2): 223–232. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.10.010Aizawa Y., Suzuki Y., Watanabe K., Oishi T., Saitoh A. Clinical utility of serum samples for human parechovirus type 3 infection in neonates and young infants: The 2014 epidemic in Japan. J Infect 2016; 72(2): 223–232. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2015.10.010Suthar P.P., Hughes K., Kadam G., Jhaveri M., Gaddikeri S. Human parechovirus meningoencephalitis. SA J Radiol 2023; 27(1): 2589. DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v27i1.2589Suthar P.P., Hughes K., Kadam G., Jhaveri M., Gaddikeri S. Human parechovirus meningoencephalitis. SA J Radiol 2023; 27(1): 2589. DOI: 10.4102/sajr.v27i1.2589Ancora G., Faldella G., Chiereghin A., Marsico C., Nigro C.S., Lazzarotto T. et al. Parechovirus infection causing sepsis-like illness in newborns: a NICU approach. New Microbiol 2020; 43(3): 144–147Ancora G., Faldella G., Chiereghin A., Marsico C., Nigro C.S., Lazzarotto T. et al. Parechovirus infection causing sepsis-like illness in newborns: a NICU approach. New Microbiol 2020; 43(3): 144–147de Crom S.C., Rossen J.W., van Furth A.M., Obihara C.C. Enterovirus and parechovirus infection in children: a brief overview. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175(8): 1023–1029. DOI: 10.1007/s00431–016–2725–7de Crom S.C., Rossen J.W., van Furth A.M., Obihara C.C. Enterovirus and parechovirus infection in children: a brief overview. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175(8): 1023–1029. DOI: 10.1007/s00431–016–2725–7Westerhuis B., Kolehmainen P., Benschop K., Nurminen N., Koen G., Koskiniemi M. et al. Human parechovirus seroprevalence in Finland and the Netherlands. J Clin Virol 2013; 58(1): 211–215. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.036Westerhuis B., Kolehmainen P., Benschop K., Nurminen N., Koen G., Koskiniemi M. et al. Human parechovirus seroprevalence in Finland and the Netherlands. J Clin Virol 2013; 58(1): 211–215. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.06.036Watanabe K., Hirokawa C., Tazawa T. Seropositivity and epidemiology of human parechovirus types 1, 3, and 6 in Japan. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144(16): 3451–3460. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268816001795Watanabe K., Hirokawa C., Tazawa T. Seropositivity and epidemiology of human parechovirus types 1, 3, and 6 in Japan. Epidemiol Infect 2016; 144(16): 3451–3460. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268816001795Izumita R., Deuchi K., Aizawa Y., Habuka R., Watanabe K., Otsuka T., Saitoh A. Intrafamilial Transmission of Parechovirus A and Enteroviruses in Neonates and Young Infants. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8(6): 501–506. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy079Izumita R., Deuchi K., Aizawa Y., Habuka R., Watanabe K., Otsuka T., Saitoh A. Intrafamilial Transmission of Parechovirus A and Enteroviruses in Neonates and Young Infants. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2019; 8(6): 501–506. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piy079Shah G., Robinson J.L. The particulars on parechovirus. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2014; 25(4): 186–188. DOI: 10.1155/2014/602501Shah G., Robinson J.L. The particulars on parechovirus. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2014; 25(4): 186–188. DOI: 10.1155/2014/602501Janes V.A., Minnaar R., Koen G., van Eijk H., Dijkman-de Haan K., Pajkrt D. et al. Presence of human non-polio enterovirus and parechovirus genotypes in an Amsterdam hospital in 2007 to 2011 compared to national and international published surveillance data: a comprehensive review. Euro Surveill 2014; 19(46): 20964. DOI: 10.2807/1560–7917Janes V.A., Minnaar R., Koen G., van Eijk H., Dijkman-de Haan K., Pajkrt D. et al. Presence of human non-polio enterovirus and parechovirus genotypes in an Amsterdam hospital in 2007 to 2011 compared to national and international published surveillance data: a comprehensive review. Euro Surveill 2014; 19(46): 20964. DOI: 10.2807/1560–7917Abedi G.R., Watson J.T., Nix W.A., Oberste M.S., Gerber S.I. Enterovirus and Parechovirus Surveillance — United States, 2014–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67(18): 515–518. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6718a2Abedi G.R., Watson J.T., Nix W.A., Oberste M.S., Gerber S.I. Enterovirus and Parechovirus Surveillance — United States, 2014–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018; 67(18): 515–518. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6718a2Fan Y.M., Oikarinen S., Lehto K.M., Nurminen N., Juuti R., Mangani C. et al. High prevalence of selected viruses and parasites and their predictors in Malawian children. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147: e90. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268819000025Fan Y.M., Oikarinen S., Lehto K.M., Nurminen N., Juuti R., Mangani C. et al. High prevalence of selected viruses and parasites and their predictors in Malawian children. Epidemiol Infect 2019; 147: e90. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268819000025Alam M.M., Khurshid A., Shaukat S., Rana M.S., Sharif S., Angez M. et al. Viral etiologies of acute dehydrating gastroenteritis in pakistani children: confounding role of parechoviruses. Viruses 2015; 7(1): 378–393. DOI: 10.3390/v7010378Alam M.M., Khurshid A., Shaukat S., Rana M.S., Sharif S., Angez M. et al. Viral etiologies of acute dehydrating gastroenteritis in pakistani children: confounding role of parechoviruses. Viruses 2015; 7(1): 378–393. DOI: 10.3390/v7010378Patil P.R., Ganorkar N.N., Gopalkrishna V. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of human parechoviruses circulating among children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India: a 5-years study. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146(1): 11–18. DOI: 10.1017/S095026881700262XPatil P.R., Ganorkar N.N., Gopalkrishna V. Epidemiology and genetic diversity of human parechoviruses circulating among children hospitalised with acute gastroenteritis in Pune, Western India: a 5-years study. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146(1): 11–18. DOI: 10.1017/S095026881700262XFaria N.R., de Vries M., van Hemert F.J., Benschop K., van der Hoek L. Rooting human parechovirus evolution in time. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9: 164. DOI: 10.1186/1471–2148–9–164Faria N.R., de Vries M., van Hemert F.J., Benschop K., van der Hoek L. Rooting human parechovirus evolution in time. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9: 164. DOI: 10.1186/1471–2148–9–164Kolehmainen P., Siponen A., Smura T. Intertypic recombination of human parechovirus 4 isolated from infants with sepsis-like disease. J Clin Virol 2017; 88: 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.01.001Kolehmainen P., Siponen A., Smura T. Intertypic recombination of human parechovirus 4 isolated from infants with sepsis-like disease. J Clin Virol 2017; 88: 1–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2017.01.001Harvala H., Calvert J., Van Nguyen D., Clasper L., Gadsby N., Molyneaux P. et al. Comparison of diagnostic clinical samples and environmental sampling for enterovirus and parechovirus surveillance in Scotland, 2010 to 2012. Euro Surveill 2014; 19(15): 20772. DOI: 10.2807/1560–7917Harvala H., Calvert J., Van Nguyen D., Clasper L., Gadsby N., Molyneaux P. et al. Comparison of diagnostic clinical samples and environmental sampling for enterovirus and parechovirus surveillance in Scotland, 2010 to 2012. Euro Surveill 2014; 19(15): 20772. DOI: 10.2807/1560–7917Sridhar A., Karelehto E., Brouwer L., Pajkrt D., Wolthers K.C. Parechovirus A Pathogenesis and the Enigma of Genotype A-3. Viruses 2019; 11(11): 1062. DOI: 10.3390/v11111062Sridhar A., Karelehto E., Brouwer L., Pajkrt D., Wolthers K.C. Parechovirus A Pathogenesis and the Enigma of Genotype A-3. Viruses 2019; 11(11): 1062. DOI: 10.3390/v11111062Shakeel S., Westerhuis B., Domanska A., Koning R., Matadeen R. Koster A.J. et al. Multiple capsid-stabilizing interactions revealed in a high-resolution structure of an emerging picornavirus causing neonatal sepsis. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 11387. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11387Shakeel S., Westerhuis B., Domanska A., Koning R., Matadeen R. Koster A.J. et al. Multiple capsid-stabilizing interactions revealed in a high-resolution structure of an emerging picornavirus causing neonatal sepsis. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 11387. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11387Midgley C.M., Jackson M.A., Selvarangan R., Franklin P., Holzschuh E.L., Lloyd J. et al. Severe Parechovirus 3 Infections in Young Infants-Kansas and Missouri, 2014. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7(2): 104–112. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix010Midgley C.M., Jackson M.A., Selvarangan R., Franklin P., Holzschuh E.L., Lloyd J. et al. Severe Parechovirus 3 Infections in Young Infants-Kansas and Missouri, 2014. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2018; 7(2): 104–112. DOI: 10.1093/jpids/pix010Britton P.N., Khandaker G., Khatami A., Teutsch S., Francis S., McMullan B.J. et al. High prevalence of developmental concern amongst infants at 12 months following parechovirus infection. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54(3): 289–295. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13728Britton P.N., Khandaker G., Khatami A., Teutsch S., Francis S., McMullan B.J. et al. High prevalence of developmental concern amongst infants at 12 months following parechovirus infection. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54(3): 289–295. DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13728Nejati A., Soheili P., Yousefipoor S., Zahraei S.M., Mahmoudi S., Yousefi M. et al. Molecular typing of enteroviruses and parechoviruses in acute flaccid paralysis patients in Iran in 2019. Arch Virol 2022; 167(3): 891–899. DOI: 10.1007/s00705–022–05359–0Nejati A., Soheili P., Yousefipoor S., Zahraei S.M., Mahmoudi S., Yousefi M. et al. Molecular typing of enteroviruses and parechoviruses in acute flaccid paralysis patients in Iran in 2019. Arch Virol 2022; 167(3): 891–899. DOI: 10.1007/s00705–022–05359–0Zhang M., Wu F., Liang M., Xian J., Zheng L., Li Q. et al. Parechovirus A infection and risk of gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32(6): e2380. DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2380Zhang M., Wu F., Liang M., Xian J., Zheng L., Li Q. et al. Parechovirus A infection and risk of gastroenteritis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32(6): e2380. DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2380Zhirakovskaia E., Tikunov A., Babkin I., Tikunova N. Complete genome sequences of the first parechoviruses A associated with sporadic pediatric acute gastroenteritis in Russia. Infect Genet Evol 2020 80: 104214. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020Zhirakovskaia E., Tikunov A., Babkin I., Tikunova N. Complete genome sequences of the first parechoviruses A associated with sporadic pediatric acute gastroenteritis in Russia. Infect Genet Evol 2020 80: 104214. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020Danielski L.G., Giustina A.D., Badawy M., Barichello T., Quevedo J., Dal-Pizzol F. et al. Brain Barrier Breakdown as a Cause and Consequence of Neuroinflammation in Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55(2): 1045–1053. DOI: 10.1007/s12035–016–0356–7Danielski L.G., Giustina A.D., Badawy M., Barichello T., Quevedo J., Dal-Pizzol F. et al. Brain Barrier Breakdown as a Cause and Consequence of Neuroinflammation in Sepsis. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55(2): 1045–1053. DOI: 10.1007/s12035–016–0356–7Jan M.W., Su H.L., Chang T.H., Tsai K.J. Characterization of Pathogenesis and Inflammatory Responses to Experimental Parechovirus Encephalitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 753683. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753683Jan M.W., Su H.L., Chang T.H., Tsai K.J. Characterization of Pathogenesis and Inflammatory Responses to Experimental Parechovirus Encephalitis. Front Immunol 2021; 12: 753683. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753683Karelehto E., Cristella C., Yu X., Sridhar A., Hulsdouw R., de Haan K. et al. Polarized Entry of Human Parechoviruses in the Airway Epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018; 8: 294. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00294Karelehto E., Cristella C., Yu X., Sridhar A., Hulsdouw R., de Haan K. et al. Polarized Entry of Human Parechoviruses in the Airway Epithelium. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2018; 8: 294. DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00294Karelehto E., Wildenbeest J.G., Benschop K.S.M., Koen G., Rebers S., Bouma-de Jongh S. et al. Human Parechovirus 1, 3 and 4 neutralizing Antibodies in Dutch Mothers and Infants and Their Role in Protection Against Disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37(12): 1304–1308. DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001986Karelehto E., Wildenbeest J.G., Benschop K.S.M., Koen G., Rebers S., Bouma-de Jongh S. et al. Human Parechovirus 1, 3 and 4 neutralizing Antibodies in Dutch Mothers and Infants and Their Role in Protection Against Disease. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37(12): 1304–1308. DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000001986Kurz H., Prammer R., Bock W., Ollerieth R., Bernert G., Zwiauer K. et al. Intracranial hemorrhage and other symptoms in infants associated with human parechovirus in Vienna, Austria. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174(12):1639–1647. DOI: 10.1007/s00431–015–2583–8Kurz H., Prammer R., Bock W., Ollerieth R., Bernert G., Zwiauer K. et al. Intracranial hemorrhage and other symptoms in infants associated with human parechovirus in Vienna, Austria. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174(12):1639–1647. DOI: 10.1007/s00431–015–2583–8Recent Reports of Human Parechovirus (PeV) in the United States. [Электронный ресурс]. https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2022/han00469.asp / Ссылка активна на 11.07.2023.Recent Reports of Human Parechovirus (PeV) in the United States. [Электронный ресурс]. https://emergency.cdc.gov/han/2022/han00469.asp / Ссылка активна на 11.07.2023.Wildenbeest J.G., Wolthers K.C., Straver B., Pajkrt D. Successful IVIG treatment of human parechovirus-associated dilated cardiomyopathy in an infant. Pediatrics 2013; 132(1): e243–7. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012–1136Wildenbeest J.G., Wolthers K.C., Straver B., Pajkrt D. Successful IVIG treatment of human parechovirus-associated dilated cardiomyopathy in an infant. Pediatrics 2013; 132(1): e243–7. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012–1136Rhoden E., Nix W.A., Weldon W.C., Selvarangan R. Antifungal azoles itraconazole and posaconazole exhibit potent in vitro antiviral activity against clinical isolates of parechovirus A3 (Picornaviridae). Antiviral Res 2018; 149: 75–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.011Rhoden E., Nix W.A., Weldon W.C., Selvarangan R. Antifungal azoles itraconazole and posaconazole exhibit potent in vitro antiviral activity against clinical isolates of parechovirus A3 (Picornaviridae). Antiviral Res 2018; 149: 75–77. DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.011Shakeel S., Westerhuis B.M., Ora A., Koen G., Bakker A.Q., Claassen Y. et al. Structural Basis of Human Parechovirus Neutralization by Human Monoclonal Antibodies. J Virol 2015; 89(18): 9571–9580. DOI: 10.1128/JVIShakeel S., Westerhuis B.M., Ora A., Koen G., Bakker A.Q., Claassen Y. et al. Structural Basis of Human Parechovirus Neutralization by Human Monoclonal Antibodies. J Virol 2015; 89(18): 9571–9580. DOI: 10.1128/JVI

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.