perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2024-69-3-19-28perinatology-1998Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSОсобенности развития и поражений центральной нервной системы у поздних недоношенных новорожденныхPeculiarities of development and lesions of the central nervous system in late preterm newbornshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3091-6170ЖуравлеваИ. В.ZhuravlevaI. V.

Журавлева Ирина Витальевна — клинический ординатор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8235-6782ЗябловаИ. Ю.ZyablovaI. Yu.

Зяблова Ирина Юрьевна — студентка VI курса педиатрического факультета

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-9036СаркисянЕ. А.SarkisyanE. A.

Саркисян Егине Альбертовна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

heghinesarg@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0336-5761ВоронаЛ. Д.VoronaL. D.

Ворона Любовь Дмитриевна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0762-2086ДумоваС. В.DumovaS. V.

Думова Светлана Владимировна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

ШабельниковаЕ. И.ShabelnikovaE. I.

Шабельникова Екатерина Игоревна — к.м.н., асс. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5089-7325ТульскийИ. Н.TulskyI. N.

Тульский Иван Николаевич — студент VI курса педиатрического факультета

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-6761ШумиловП. В.ShumilovP. V.

Шумилов Петр Валентинович, д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр пециализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» ДЗМРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Voino-Yasenetsky Scientific Center for Specialized Medical Care for ChildrenRussian Federation2024110720246931928Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20242024Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/1998

Последние недели беременности — критический период внутриутробного развития центральной нервной системы. У поздних недоношенных детей, рожденных при сроке гестации 340/7—366/7 нед, созревание центральной нервной системы продолжается постнатально, что определяет высокую ее уязвимость к различным патологическим воздействиям. Морфофункциональная незрелость и осложнения течения неонатального периода повышают вероятность ранних поражений головного мозга, приводящих к дальнейшим нервно-психическим нарушениям. Даже в отсутствие клинически значимых неврологических отклонений в периоде новорожденности в дальнейшие периоды жизни поздние недоношенные имеют риск социально-адаптивных, поведенческих, моторных и когнитивных нарушений. Прогнозирование исходов поражений центральной нервной системы у поздних недоношенных возможно с помощью методов нейровизуализации, а также при использовании специализированных инструментов для оценки различных сфер психомоторного развития. Современные подходы предупреждения неврологических осложнений у поздних недоношенных новорожденных включают профилактику и лечение гипоксии, гипогликемии, гипербилирубинемии, инфекций, адекватное нутритивное обеспечение и приверженность к вакцинации.

The last weeks of pregnancy are a critical period of intrauterine development of the central nervous system. In late preterm infants born at gestational age 340/7 — 366/7 weeks, the maturation of the central nervous system continues postnatally, which determines its high vulnerability to various pathologic effects. Morphofunctional immaturity and frequent complications of the neonatal period increase the likelihood of early brain lesions leading to further disorders of neuropsychiatric development. Even in the absence of clinically significant neurological abnormalities in the neonatal period, late preterm neonates have a risk of social-adaptive, behavioral, motor and cognitive impairments in later life. Predicting the outcome of central nervous system lesions in late preterm neonates is possible with the help of neuroimaging methods, as well as with the use of specialized tools to assess various areas of psychomotor development. Modern approaches to prevent neurological complications include prevention and treatment of hypoxia, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, infections, provision of adequate nutritional support and adherence to vaccination in late preterm neonates.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.