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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2024-69-3-37-44</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-2000</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Патогенетические аспекты развития расстройств аутистического спектра</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pathogenetic aspects of the development of autism spectrum disorders</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3852-0804</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ступак</surname><given-names>В. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stupak</surname><given-names>V. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ступак Валентин Павлович — врач невролог общеклинического отделения, врач функциональной диагностики общеклинического отделения Детской городской клинической больницы им. З.А. Башляевой, врач-психиатр</p><p>125373 Москва, ул. Героев Панфиловцев, д. 28</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">stupakvp.neuro@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6268-7782</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кешишян</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keshishyan</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кешишян Елена Соломоновна — д.м.н., проф., рук. отдела неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста Научно-исследовательского клинического института педиатрии и детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева; главный педиатр АО «Ильинская больница»</p><p>125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0673-7778</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарина</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garina</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гарина Светлана Васильевна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры педиатрии</p><p>430031 Республика Мордовия, Саранск, ул. Сущинского, д. 20–13</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии им. академика&#13;
Ю.Е. Вельтищева» (Институт Вельтищева) ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский Мордовский государственный университет им. Н.П. Огарева»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>37</fpage><lpage>44</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2000">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2000</self-uri><abstract><p>В настоящее время отмечается рост числа пациентов с диагнозом «расстройства аутистического спектра» в силу широкой трактовки критериев для постановки этого диагноза и реальным увеличением количества детей с нарушением коммуникативной и поведенческой функций. Встречаются разные по своей причине, но клинически схожие состояния, которые относят в данную группу. Однако различие в патогенетических причинах может потребовать разных подходов в лечении — подборе фармакологических и педагогических методов терапии и реабилитации этих клинических состояний. В настоящей статье обсуждены возможные причины развития комплекса расстройств аутистического спектра идиопатического (аутохтонного, первичного) характера, т.е. в отсутствие указаний на то, что у ребенка имеются состояния или заболевания, которые могут приводить к этому симптомокомплексу (синдромальные расстройства аутистического спектра): перинатальные нарушения, микроаномалии структур мозга, вялотекущие инфекции (например, цитомегаловирусная инфекция с вялотекущим энцефалитом), аутоиммунное поражение мозга, хромосомные и генетические заболевания. При обсуждении расстройств аутистического спектра или аутизма без указанных состояний предполагают также генетическую модель, но с включением большого числа генов-кандидатов, без указания четкого вклада каждого гена в патогенность.</p><p> Многочисленные исследования показывают, что механизм этих нарушений при аутохтонном заболевании связан с нарушением синаптической передачи, изменением онтогенеза нервной системы в условиях комбинаций генетических нарушений, а также возникающими вследствие этого механизмами аутовоспалительных изменений в структурах центральной нервной системы. Изменение проницаемости гематоэнцефалического барьера, воспаление и нарушение работы глимфатической системы также рассматриваются как вероятные механизмы патофизиологии расстройств аутистического спектра. Возникающие в результате нарушения синаптогенеза, дифференцировки и нейрогенеза, эксайтотоксичность нейротрансмиттеров и их метаболитов достоверно вносят вклад в формирование поддержание данного процесса</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>There is currently an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders due to the broad interpretation of the criteria for this diagnosis and an actual increase in the number of children with impaired communication and behavioral functions. There are different in their cause, but clinically similar conditions that are attributed to this group. However, the difference in pathogenetic causes may require different approaches to treatment — selection of pharmacological and pedagogical methods of therapy and rehabilitation of these clinical conditions.</p><p>In this article, we plan to discuss possible causes of idiopathic (primary) autism spectrum disorders complex, i.e., when there is no indication that the child has conditions or diseases that may lead to the autism spectrum disorders symptom complex (syndromal autism): perinatal disorders, microanomalies of brain structures, sluggish infections (e.g., CMV infection with smoldering encephalitis), and autoimmune brain damage, chromosomal and genetic diseases with an identified gene with pathogenic significance. When discussing autism spectrum disorders or autism without the above conditions, a genetic model is also assumed, but with the inclusion of a large number of candidate genes, without specifying a clear contribution of each gene to pathogenicity.</p><p>Numerous studies show that the mechanism of these disorders in autochthonous disease is related to the disruption of synaptic transmission, changes in the ontogenesis of the nervous system in the context of combinations of genetic disorders, as well as the resulting mechanisms of autoinflammatory changes in the structures of the central nervous system. Changes in the permeability of the hematoencephalic barrier, inflammation and disturbance of the glymphatic system are also considered as probable mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders pathophysiology. As a result of impaired synaptogenesis, differentiation and neurogenesis, the resulting excitotoxicity of neurotransmitters and their metabolites, reliably contribute to the formation of the maintenance of this process.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>нарушение синаптической передачи</kwd><kwd>глимфатическая система</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>synaptic transmission disorder</kwd><kwd>glymphatic system</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belardinelli C., Raza M., Taneli T. Comorbid Behavioral Problems and Psychiatric Disorders in Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Child Dev Disord 2016; 2: 11. DOI: 10.4172/2472-1786.100019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belardinelli C., Raza M., Taneli T. 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