perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2024-69-5-13-21perinatology-2060Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSК вопросу об этиологии внебольничных пневмоний у детейOn the issue of the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7763-5512ХалиуллинаС. В.KhaliullinaS. V.

Халиуллина Светлана Викторовна – д.м.н., проф. кафедры детских инфекций

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

 

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-9081АнохинВ. А.AnokhinV. A.

Анохин Владимир Алексеевич – д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой детских инфекций

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-3094ГатауллинМ. Р.GataullinM. R.

Гатауллин Марат Ринатович – глав. врач

420220 Казань, Проспект Победы, д. 83

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7914-2816ПавловаТ. Ю.PavlovaT. Yu.

Павлова Татьяна Юрьевна – зав. приемным отделением

420220 Казань, Проспект Победы, д. 83

Kazan

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0799-1698ВалиевР. И.ValievR. I.

Валиев Рушан Ильгамович – старший преподаватель кафедры общей гигиены

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

Kazan

ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKazan State Medical AcademyRussian FederationГАУЗ «Республиканская клиническая инфекционная больница им. профессора А.Ф. Агафонова» Минздрава Республики ТатарстанРоссияRepublican Clinical Infectious Diseases HospitalRussian Federation2024111120246951321Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20242024Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2060

По данным мировой статистики, заболеваемость внебольничной пневмонией у детей составляет более 150 млн случаев в год, и этот показатель, несмотря на введение вакцинации, практически не снижается. Ведущей причиной внебольничной пневмонии у детей дошкольного возраста признаны респираторные вирусы, при этом во внеэпидемический период доминирует респираторно-синцитиальный вирус. Из бактериальных возбудителей важную роль по-прежнему играют пневмококки. В последние годы отмечен рост доли Mycoplasma pneumoniae в спектре причин пневмонии. Современные клинические рекомендации при назначении антибактериальной терапии предлагают учитывать возраст пациента, прививочный анамнез, данные мониторинга о циркулирующих возбудителях пневмоний. Пандемия COVID-19 и последовавшая в последние 2 года отмена строгих ограничительных мероприятий внесли коррективы в структуру инфекционной заболеваемости, в том числе в этиологию заболеваний нижних дыхательных путей.

According to global statistics, the number of cases of community-acquired pneumonia in children exceeds 150 million per year, and despite the introduction of vaccinations, this figure has not significantly decreased. Respiratory viruses, particularly respiratory syncytial virus, are recognized as the main cause of community-acquired pneumonia among preschool children during non-epidemic periods. Pneumococci also continue to play a significant role among bacterial pathogens. There is a significant increase in the prevalence of M. pneumoniae in the etiological structure of community-acquired pneumonia in recent years. Modern clinical guidelines for the use of antibiotics recommend taking into account patient age, vaccination status, and data on circulating pneumococcal strains when prescribing treatment. The COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent relaxation of strict restrictions in the last two years have led to changes in the structure of infectious diseases, including the causes of lower respiratory tract infections.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.