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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2024-69-6-12-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-2085</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LITERATURE REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современные знания о фетальном и материнском микрохимеризме</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current knowledge about fetal and maternal microchimerism</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-7427</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Харитонова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kharitonova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Харитонова Любовь Алексеевна — д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой педиатрии с инфекционными болезнями у детей факультета дополнительного профессионального образования Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4546-1092</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьев</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryev</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Григорьев Константин Иванович — д.м.н., проф. кафедры педиатрии с инфекционными заболеваниями у детей факультета дополнительного профессионального образования Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>69</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2085">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2085</self-uri><abstract><p>Микрохимеризм определяется наличием циркулирующих клеток, двунаправленно передаваемых от одного генетически отличного человека другому. Состояние возникает как физиологическое явление во время беременности, так и ятрогенно после переливания крови и трансплантации органов. Мигрировавшие клетки могут сохраняться в течение длительного времени и даже десятилетий. Существует разные данные о роли микрохимерных клеток в патогенезе различных заболеваний и их значении в репарации тканей. Патогенез таких заболеваний, как системный склероз, системная красная волчанка, аутоиммунные заболевания щитовидной железы, первичный билиарный цирроз печени, ревматоидный артрит и др., связан с процессами микрохимеризма. В одних случаях микрохимеризм причастен к развитию аутоиммунных заболеваний, в других — помогает организму побороть ту или иную болезнь. Все это позволяет рассматривать чужеродные клетки как потенциальную мишень для лекарственных веществ, которые помогут справиться с аутоиммунными заболеваниями или способствовать регенерации поврежденных тканей. С позиций материнского и системного микрохимеризма рассматриваются некоторые вопросы эволюции, перспективы профилактики различных патологических состояний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Microchimerism is characterized by the presence of circulating cells that are bidirectionally transferred between genetically distinct individuals. This phenomenon occurs physiologically during pregnancy and iatrogenically following blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Migrated cells can persist for extended periods, even decades. Research varies on the role of microchimeric cells in the pathogenesis of different diseases and their significance in tissue repair. Microchimerism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune thyroid diseases, primary biliary cirrhosis, rheumatoid arthritis, among others. In some cases, microchimerism contributes to the development of autoimmune diseases, while in others, it aids the body in overcoming particular diseases. These findings suggest that foreign cells could serve as a potential target for drugs aimed at treating autoimmune diseases or promoting the regeneration of damaged tissues. The concept of maternal and systemic microchimerism offers insights into certain evolutionary questions and the potential for preventing various pathological conditions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>фетальный микрохимеризм</kwd><kwd>материнский микрохимеризм</kwd><kwd>реакция «трансплантат против хозяина»</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные заболевания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fetal microchimerism</kwd><kwd>maternal microchimerism</kwd><kwd>graft-versus-host disease</kwd><kwd>autoimmune diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Румянцев А.Г., Курцер М.А., Мареева Ю.Б., Мисюрин А.В., Румянцев С.А., Устюгов А.Ю. Клиническое значение материнского микрохимеризма у детей. 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