perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2025-70-2(p.2)-5-16perinatology-2158Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSСурфактант и сурфактантная терапия у новорожденных: от начала до современных особенностей примененияSurfactant and surfactant therapy in neonates: from the beginning to the modern features of the applicationhttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-9466-1081ЗизюкинаК. С.ZizyukinaK. S.

Зизюкина Карина Сергеевна — студентка V курса педиатрического факультета РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России; медицинская сестра в Детской ГБ №9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7305-9036СаркисянЕ. А.SarkisyanH. A.

Саркисян Егине Альбертовна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова; врач-неонатолог в Детской ГБ им. Г.Н. Сперанского.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0336-5761ВоронаЛ. Д.VoronaL. D.

Ворона Любовь Дмитриевна — к.м.н., доц. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова, вед. науч. сотр. НПЦ специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0520ЛевченкоЛ. А.LevchenkoL. A.

Левченко Людмила Анатольевна — д.м.н., доц., проф. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1938-8346ШабельниковаЕ. И.ShabelnikovaE. I.

Шабельникова Екатерина Игоревна — к.м.н., асс. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова; ст. науч. сотр. отдела острой и хронической патологии уха, горла и носа НИИ педиатрии и детской хирургии им. ак. Ю.Е. Вельтищева.

Москва

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6314-1086ХохловаА. П.KhokhlovaA. P.

Хохлова Анастасия Павловна — клинический ординатор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2338-1073АбасоваШ. Т.AbasovaSh. T.

Абасова Шарузат Темуровна — студентка VI курса педиатрического факультета.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9567-6761ШумиловП. В.ShumilovP. V.

Шумилов Петр Валентинович — д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1

Moscow

ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница № 9 им. Г.Н. Сперанского ДЗМ»РоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Speransky Children’s City Clinical Hospital No.9Russian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого ДЗМ»РоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Voino-Yasenetsky Scientific Center for Specialized Medical Care for ChildrenRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian FederationФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии им. акад. Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава РоссииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation202527042025702/2516Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20252025Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2158

Cурфактант — секретируемое поверхностно-активное вещество, препятствующее спаданию стенок альвеол за счет снижения поверхностного натяжения на границе между альвеолярным эпителием и воздухом в альвеолярном пространстве. Препараты сурфактанта стали первыми и наиболее востребованными препаратами в неонатологии, спасшими жизни миллионам недоношенных детей. Успешному лечению сурфактантами предшествуют индивидуальный подход и раннее выявление новорожденных с сурфактантной недостаточностью. Определение показаний к проведению сурфактантной терапии, выбор эффективного способа доставки препарата, подбор сопутствующей респираторной поддержки — актуальные направления неонатологии и в настоящее время. В статье отражены история использования, новые подходы к сурфактантной терапии и способам введения различных препаратов сурфактантов.

Surfactant is a secreted surface-active substance that provides the first breath of the newborn by reducing the surface tension of the alveoli. Surfactant preparations were the first and most popular drugs in neonatology, saving the lives of millions of premature babies. Successful treatment with surfactants is preceded by an individual personalized approach to each child and early detection of newborns with surfactant deficiency. Determining the indications for surfactant therapy, choosing an effective method of drug delivery, selecting concomitant respiratory support are current areas of neonatology to this day. The article reflects the history of use, new approaches to surfactant therapy and methods of administration of various surfactant preparations.

новорожденныесурфактантреспираторный-дистресс новорожденногореспираторная поддержкаглюкокортикостероидыnewbornssurfactantnewborn respiratory distressrespiratory supportglucocorticosteroidsReferencesHallman M., Herting E. Historical perspective on surfactant therapy: Transforming hyaline membrane disease to respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101493. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101493Hallman M., Herting E. Historical perspective on surfactant therapy: Transforming hyaline membrane disease to respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101493. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101493Halliday H.L. Surfactants: past, present and future. J Perinatol 2008; 28 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S47–56. DOI: 10.1038/jp.2008.50Halliday H.L. Surfactants: past, present and future. J Perinatol 2008; 28 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): S47–56. DOI: 10.1038/jp.2008.50De Luca D., Loi B., Tingay D., Fiori H., Kingma P., Dellacà R. et al. Surfactant status assessment and personalized therapy for surfactant deficiency or dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101494. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101494De Luca D., Loi B., Tingay D., Fiori H., Kingma P., Dellacà R. et al. Surfactant status assessment and personalized therapy for surfactant deficiency or dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101494. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101494Ишутина О.В. Сурфактантная система легких. Обзорная-статья. Вестник ВГМУ 2021; 20 (4): 7–17. [Ishutina O.V. Surfactant system of the lungs. Review article. Vestnik VGMU 2021; 20 (4): 7–17. (in Russ.)] DOI: 10.22263/2312–4156.2021.4.7Ишутина О.В. Сурфактантная система легких. Обзорная-статья. Вестник ВГМУ 2021; 20 (4): 7–17. [Ishutina O.V. Surfactant system of the lungs. Review article. Vestnik VGMU 2021; 20 (4): 7–17. (in Russ.)] DOI: 10.22263/2312–4156.2021.4.7Verder H., Heiring C., Schousboe P. [Surfactant therapy of respiratory distress syndrome]. Ugeskr Laeger 2021; 183(44): V04210322. Danish.Verder H., Heiring C., Schousboe P. [Surfactant therapy of respiratory distress syndrome]. Ugeskr Laeger 2021; 183(44): V04210322. Danish.Володин Н.Н. Неонатология: Национальное руководство в 2-х томах. Том 1. Н.Н. Володин, Д.Н. Дегтярева. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2023;752Володин Н.Н. Неонатология: Национальное руководство в 2-х томах. Том 1. Н.Н. Володин, Д.Н. Дегтярева. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2023;752 [N.N. Volodin. Neonatology: National manual in 2 volumes. Volume 1. N.N. Volodin, D.N. Degtyareva. M.: GEOTAR-Media, 2023; 752. (in Russ.)]Ленюшкина А.А., Андреев А.В., Ионов О.В., Зубков В.В. Обзор рекомендаций по ведению новорожденных с респираторным дистресс-синдромом. Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение. 2024; 12(1): 84–99. DOI: 10.33029/2308–2402–2024–12–1–84–99Lenyushkina A.A., Andreev A.V., Ionov O.V., Zubkov V.V. Review of recommendations for the management of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome. Neonatologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2024; 12(1): 84–99. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.33029/2308–2402–2024–12–1–84–99Перепелица С.А. Острый респираторный дистресс-синдром у недоношенных новорожденных (морфологическое исследование). Общая реаниматология 2020; 16(1): 35–44. DOI: 10.15360/1813–9779–2020–1–35–44Perepelitsa S.A. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in premature newborns (morphological study). Obshchaya reanimatologiya 2020; 16(1): 35–44. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.15360/1813–9779–2020–1–35–44Peers de Nieuwburgh M., Wambach J.A., Griese M., Danhaive O. Towards personalized therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101500. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101500Peers de Nieuwburgh M., Wambach J.A., Griese M., Danhaive O. Towards personalized therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101500. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101500Ramanathan R., Biniwale M., Sekar K., Hanna N., Golombek S., Bhatia J., et al. Synthetic Surfactant CHF5633 Compared with Poractant Alfa in the Treatment of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2020; 225: 90–96.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.024Ramanathan R., Biniwale M., Sekar K., Hanna N., Golombek S., Bhatia J., et al. Synthetic Surfactant CHF5633 Compared with Poractant Alfa in the Treatment of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Pediatr 2020; 225: 90–96.e1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.024De Luca D., Yousef N. Pharmaceutical Expenditure Is Unchanged with Ultrasound-Guided Surfactant Administration. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39(5): 562–566. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040–1715821De Luca D., Yousef N. Pharmaceutical Expenditure Is Unchanged with Ultrasound-Guided Surfactant Administration. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39(5): 562–566. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040–1715821Herting E., Härtel C., Göpel W. Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA): chances and limitations. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104(6):F655–F659. DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018–316557.Herting E., Härtel C., Göpel W. Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA): chances and limitations. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2019;104(6):F655–F659. DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018–316557.Овсянников Д.Ю., Кравчук Д.А., Николаева Д.Ю. Клиническая патофизиология органов дыхания недоношенных детей. Неонатология: новости, мнения, обучение 2018; 6(3): 74–79. DOI: 10.24411/2308–2402–2018–13003Ovsyannikov D.Yu., KravchukD.A., Nikolaeva D.Yu. Clinical pathophysiology of the respiratory system of premature infants. Neonatologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie. 2018; 6(3): 74–79. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/2308–2402–2018–13003Avery’s diseases of the newborn, eleventh edition. Editors Sawyer T., Gleason C. A. Elsevier, 2023; 1681.Avery’s diseases of the newborn, eleventh edition. Editors Sawyer T., Gleason C. A. Elsevier, 2023; 1681.Panza R., Laforgia N., Bellos I., Pandita A. Systematic review found that using thin catheters to deliver surfactant to preterm neonates was associated with reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mechanical ventilation. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109(11): 2219–2225. DOI: 10.1111/apa.15374Panza R., Laforgia N., Bellos I., Pandita A. Systematic review found that using thin catheters to deliver surfactant to preterm neonates was associated with reduced bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mechanical ventilation. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109(11): 2219–2225. DOI: 10.1111/apa.15374Liggins G.C., Howie R.N. A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Pediatrics. 1972; 50(4): 515–525.Liggins G.C., Howie R.N. A controlled trial of antepartum glucocorticoid treatment for prevention of the respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants. Pediatrics. 1972; 50(4): 515–525.Dargaville P.A., Herting E., Soll R.F. Neonatal surfactant therapy beyond respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101501. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101501Dargaville P.A., Herting E., Soll R.F. Neonatal surfactant therapy beyond respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101501. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101501National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. 1994; 12(2): 1–24.National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. Effect of corticosteroids for fetal maturation on perinatal outcomes. 1994; 12(2): 1–24.McGoldrick E., Stewart F., Parker R., Dalziel S.R. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 12(12): CD004454. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub4McGoldrick E., Stewart F., Parker R., Dalziel S.R. Antenatal corticosteroids for accelerating fetal lung maturation for women at risk of preterm birth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 12(12): CD004454. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004454.pub4Gaertner V.D., Thomann J., Bassler D., Rüegger C.M. Surfactant Nebulization to Prevent Intubation in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2021; 148(5): e2021052504. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021–052504Gaertner V.D., Thomann J., Bassler D., Rüegger C.M. Surfactant Nebulization to Prevent Intubation in Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2021; 148(5): e2021052504. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021–052504Sweet D.G., Carnielli V.P., Greisen G., Hallman M., Klebermass-SchrehofK., Ozek E., et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology 2023; 120(1): 3–23. DOI: 10.1159/000528914Sweet D.G., Carnielli V.P., Greisen G., Hallman M., Klebermass-SchrehofK., Ozek E., et al. European Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome: 2022 Update. Neonatology 2023; 120(1): 3–23. DOI: 10.1159/000528914Hutcheon J.A., Liauw J. Improving the external validity of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids trial findings. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12856Hutcheon J.A., Liauw J. Improving the external validity of Antenatal Late Preterm Steroids trial findings. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2023; 37(1): 1–8. DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12856Regiroli G., Loi B., Fortas F., Centorrino R., Mosca F., De Luca D. Effect of inspired gas temperature on lung mechanics and gas exchange in neonates in normothermia or therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation 2021; 163: 116–123. DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.04.015Regiroli G., Loi B., Fortas F., Centorrino R., Mosca F., De Luca D. Effect of inspired gas temperature on lung mechanics and gas exchange in neonates in normothermia or therapeutic hypothermia. Resuscitation 2021; 163: 116–123. DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.04.015Norman M., Jonsson B., Wallström L., Sindelar R. Respiratory support of infants born at 22–24 weeks of gestational age. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27 (2): 101328. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101328Norman M., Jonsson B., Wallström L., Sindelar R. Respiratory support of infants born at 22–24 weeks of gestational age. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 27 (2): 101328. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101328Mazmanyan P., Kerobyan V., Shankar-Aguilera S., Yousef N., De Luca D. Introduction of point-of-care neonatal lung ultrasound in a developing country. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179(7): 1131–1137. DOI: 10.1007/s00431–020–03603-wMazmanyan P., Kerobyan V., Shankar-Aguilera S., Yousef N., De Luca D. Introduction of point-of-care neonatal lung ultrasound in a developing country. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179(7): 1131–1137. DOI: 10.1007/s00431–020–03603-wMorley C.J., Bangham A.D., Miller N., Davis J.A. Dry artificial lung surfactant and its effect on very premature babies. Lancet 1981; 1(8211): 64–68. DOI: 10.1016/s0140–6736(81)90002–7Morley C.J., Bangham A.D., Miller N., Davis J.A. Dry artificial lung surfactant and its effect on very premature babies. Lancet 1981; 1(8211): 64–68. DOI: 10.1016/s0140–6736(81)90002–7Long W., Corbet A., Cotton R., Courtney S., McGuiness G., Walter D., et al. A controlled trial of synthetic surfactant in infants weighing 1250 g or more with respiratory distress syndrome. The American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I, and the Canadian Exosurf Neonatal Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991; 325(24) :1696–703. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199112123252404Long W., Corbet A., Cotton R., Courtney S., McGuiness G., Walter D., et al. A controlled trial of synthetic surfactant in infants weighing 1250 g or more with respiratory distress syndrome. The American Exosurf Neonatal Study Group I, and the Canadian Exosurf Neonatal Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991; 325(24) :1696–703. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199112123252404Curstedt T., Jrnvall H., Robertson B., Bergman T., Berggren P. Two hydrophobic low-molecular-mass protein fractions of pulmonary surfactant. Characterization and biophysical activity. Eur J Biochem 1987; 168(2): 255–262. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432–1033.1987.tb13414.xCurstedt T., Jrnvall H., Robertson B., Bergman T., Berggren P. Two hydrophobic low-molecular-mass protein fractions of pulmonary surfactant. Characterization and biophysical activity. Eur J Biochem 1987; 168(2): 255–262. DOI: 10.1111/j.1432–1033.1987.tb13414.xBraide-Moncoeur O., Tran N.T., Long J.R. Peptide-based synthetic pulmonary surfactant for the treatment of respiratory distress disorders. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 32: 22–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.02.012Braide-Moncoeur O., Tran N.T., Long J.R. Peptide-based synthetic pulmonary surfactant for the treatment of respiratory distress disorders. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2016; 32: 22–28. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.02.012Клинические рекомендации «Ведение новорожденных с респираторным дистресс-синдромом» [Электронный ресурс]. Под ред. Н.Н. Володина. 2016. URL: https://www.raspm.ru/files/0236-rds-br2.pdf / Ссылка активна на 25.02.2025Clinical recommendations “Management of newborns with respiratory distress syndrome” [Electronic resource]. Editor N.N. Volodin. 2016. (in Russ.) URL: https://www.raspm.ru/files/0236-rds-br2.pdf / Ссылка активна на 25.02.2025Розенберг О.А. Препараты легочного сурфактанта и сурфактанттерапия ОРДС в условиях хирургической реанимации (обзор литературы). Креативная хирургия и онкология. 2019; 9(1): 50–65. DOI: 10.24060/2076–3093–2019–9–1–50–65Rosenberg O.A. Pulmonary surfactant preparations and surfactant therapy for ARDS in surgical intensive care (literature review). Kreativnaya hirurgiya i onkologiya 2019; 9(1): 50–65. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.24060/2076–3093–2019–9–1–50–65Singh N., Halliday H.L., Stevens T.P., Suresh G., Soll R., Rojas-Reyes M.X. Comparison of animal-derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015(12): CD010249. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010249.pub2Singh N., Halliday H.L., Stevens T.P., Suresh G., Soll R., Rojas-Reyes M.X. Comparison of animal-derived surfactants for the prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 2015(12): CD010249. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010249.pub2Schousboe P., Verder H., Jessen T.E., Heiring C., Bender L., Ebbesen F., et al. Predicting respiratory distress syndrome at birth using fast test based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirates. 1. Biochemical part. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109(2): 280–284. DOI: 10.1111/apa.14896Schousboe P., Verder H., Jessen T.E., Heiring C., Bender L., Ebbesen F., et al. Predicting respiratory distress syndrome at birth using fast test based on spectroscopy of gastric aspirates. 1. Biochemical part. Acta Paediatr 2020; 109(2): 280–284. DOI: 10.1111/apa.14896Autilio C., Losada-Oliva P., Sánchez Ortiz D., Mingote A., Castejon DiazR., HernandezG., et al. Changes in surface activity of lung surfactant and bronchoalveolar cell profile upon COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Eur Respir J 2022; 60 (suppl 66): 4435. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.4435Autilio C., Losada-Oliva P., Sánchez Ortiz D., Mingote A., Castejon DiazR., HernandezG., et al. Changes in surface activity of lung surfactant and bronchoalveolar cell profile upon COVID-19-related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Eur Respir J 2022; 60 (suppl 66): 4435. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.4435De Luca D., Shankar-Aguilera S., Autilio C., Raschetti R., Vedovelli L., Fitting C., et al. Surfactant-secreted phospholipase A2 interplay and respiratory outcome in preterm neonates. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319(1): L95– L104. DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00462.2019De Luca D., Shankar-Aguilera S., Autilio C., Raschetti R., Vedovelli L., Fitting C., et al. Surfactant-secreted phospholipase A2 interplay and respiratory outcome in preterm neonates. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319(1): L95– L104. DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00462.2019Echaide M., Autilio C., López-Rodríguez E., Cruz A., Pérez-Gil J. In Vitro Functional and Structural Characterization of A Synthetic Clinical Pulmonary Surfactant with Enhanced Resistance to Inhibition. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1): 1385. DOI: 10.1038/s41598–020–58248–4Echaide M., Autilio C., López-Rodríguez E., Cruz A., Pérez-Gil J. In Vitro Functional and Structural Characterization of A Synthetic Clinical Pulmonary Surfactant with Enhanced Resistance to Inhibition. Sci Rep 2020; 10(1): 1385. DOI: 10.1038/s41598–020–58248–4ReynoldsP., BustaniP., DarbyC., FernandezAlvarezJ.R., FoxG., JonesS., et al. Less-Invasive Surfactant Administration for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Consensus Guideline. Neonatology 2021; 118(5): 586–592. DOI: 10.1159/000518396ReynoldsP., BustaniP., DarbyC., FernandezAlvarezJ.R., FoxG., JonesS., et al. Less-Invasive Surfactant Administration for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Consensus Guideline. Neonatology 2021; 118(5): 586–592. DOI: 10.1159/000518396van Kaam A.H., Niemarkt H.J., Onland W. Timing of surfactant treatment in respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101495. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101495van Kaam A.H., Niemarkt H.J., Onland W. Timing of surfactant treatment in respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101495. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101495Dolma K., Zayek M., Gurung A., Eyal F. Intratracheal Instillation of Budesonide-Surfactant for Prevention of Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Premature Infants. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41(S 01): e3065–e3073. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043–1776416Dolma K., Zayek M., Gurung A., Eyal F. Intratracheal Instillation of Budesonide-Surfactant for Prevention of Broncho-pulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Premature Infants. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41(S 01): e3065–e3073. DOI: 10.1055/s-0043–1776416van Kaam A.H., Niemarkt H.J., Onland W. Timing of surfactant treatment in respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101495. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101495van Kaam A.H., Niemarkt H.J., Onland W. Timing of surfactant treatment in respiratory distress syndrome. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101495. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101495Soll R., Ozek E. Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 1: CD000141. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000141.pub2.Soll R., Ozek E. Multiple versus single doses of exogenous surfactant for the prevention or treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 1: CD000141. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000141.pub2.Bhandari V., Black R., Gandhi B., Hogue S., Kakkilaya V., Mikhael M. et al. RDS-NExT workshop: consensus statements for the use of surfactant in preterm neonates with RDS. J Perinatol 2023; 43(8): 982–990. DOI: 10.1038/s41372–023–01690–9Bhandari V., Black R., Gandhi B., Hogue S., Kakkilaya V., Mikhael M. et al. RDS-NExT workshop: consensus statements for the use of surfactant in preterm neonates with RDS. J Perinatol 2023; 43(8): 982–990. DOI: 10.1038/s41372–023–01690–9KalikkotThekkeveedu R., El-Saie A., Prakash V., Katakam L., Shivanna B. Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) in Neonates: Evidence-Based Concepts and Lung-Protective Strategies. J Clin Med 2022; 11(3): 557. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030557KalikkotThekkeveedu R., El-Saie A., Prakash V., Katakam L., Shivanna B. Ventilation-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) in Neonates: Evidence-Based Concepts and Lung-Protective Strategies. J Clin Med 2022; 11(3): 557. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030557Arroyo R., Kingma P.S. Surfactant protein D and broncho-pulmonary dysplasia: a new way to approach an old problem. Respir Res 2021; 22(1): 141. DOI: 10.1186/s12931–021–01738–4Arroyo R., Kingma P.S. Surfactant protein D and broncho-pulmonary dysplasia: a new way to approach an old problem. Respir Res 2021; 22(1): 141. DOI: 10.1186/s12931–021–01738–4Ramaswamy V.V., More K., Roehr C.C., Bandiya P., Nangia S. Efficacy of noninvasive respiratory support modes for primary respiratory support in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55(11): 2940–2963. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25011Ramaswamy V.V., More K., Roehr C.C., Bandiya P., Nangia S. Efficacy of noninvasive respiratory support modes for primary respiratory support in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2020; 55(11): 2940–2963. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25011Berggren E., Liljedahl M., Winbladh B., Andreasson B., Curstedt T., Robertson B., et al. Pilot study of nebulized surfactant therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical Trial Acta Paediatr 2000; 89(4): 460–464. DOI: 10.1080/080352500750028195Berggren E., Liljedahl M., Winbladh B., Andreasson B., Curstedt T., Robertson B., et al. Pilot study of nebulized surfactant therapy for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Clinical Trial Acta Paediatr 2000; 89(4): 460–464. DOI: 10.1080/080352500750028195Härtel C., Glaser K., Speer C.P. The Miracles of Surfactant: Less Invasive Surfactant Administration, Nebulization, and Carrier of Topical Drugs. Neonatology 2021; 118(2): 225–234. DOI: 10.1159/000516106Härtel C., Glaser K., Speer C.P. The Miracles of Surfactant: Less Invasive Surfactant Administration, Nebulization, and Carrier of Topical Drugs. Neonatology 2021; 118(2): 225–234. DOI: 10.1159/000516106Ho J.J., Subramaniam P., Davis P.G. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 10 (10): CD002271. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002271.pub3Ho J.J., Subramaniam P., Davis P.G. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for respiratory distress in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 10 (10): CD002271. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002271.pub3Методическое письмо Минздрава России “Первичная и реанимационная помощь новорожденным детям” от 21 апреля 2010 г. № 15–4/10/2–3204. https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/018/647/original/metod_primary_intensive_care_newborns_2010.pdf?1390393892. / Ссылка активна на 26.02.2025Methodological letter of the Ministry of Health of Russia “Primary and resuscitation care for newborn children” dated April 21, 2010 No. 15–4/10/2–3204. (in Russ.) https://static-0.minzdrav.gov.ru/system/attachments/attaches/000/018/647/original/metod_primary_intensive_care_newborns_2010.pdf?1390393892. / Ссылка активна на 26.02.2025Sk H., Saha B., Mukherjee S., Hazra A. Premedication with Fentanyl for Less Invasive Surfactant Application (LISA): A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Trop Pediatr 2022; 68(2): fmac019. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmac019Sk H., Saha B., Mukherjee S., Hazra A. Premedication with Fentanyl for Less Invasive Surfactant Application (LISA): A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Trop Pediatr 2022; 68(2): fmac019. DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmac019Cao Z.L., Pan J.J., Shen X., Zhou X.Y., Cheng R., Zhou X.G., et al. Less invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome-an updated meta-analysis. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83(2): 170–179. DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000228Cao Z.L., Pan J.J., Shen X., Zhou X.Y., Cheng R., Zhou X.G., et al. Less invasive surfactant administration in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome-an updated meta-analysis. J Chin Med Assoc 2020; 83(2): 170–179. DOI: 10.1097/JCMA.0000000000000228De Luca D., Cogo P., Kneyber M.C., Biban P., Semple M.G., Perez-Gil J., et al. Surfactant therapies for pediatric and neonatal ARDS: ESPNIC expert consensus opinion for future research steps. Crit Care 2021; 25(1): 75. DOI: 10.1186/s13054–021–03489–6De Luca D., Cogo P., Kneyber M.C., Biban P., Semple M.G., Perez-Gil J., et al. Surfactant therapies for pediatric and neonatal ARDS: ESPNIC expert consensus opinion for future research steps. Crit Care 2021; 25(1): 75. DOI: 10.1186/s13054–021–03489–6Peers de Nieuwburgh M., Wambach J.A., Griese M., Danhaive O. Towards personalized therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101500. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101500Peers de Nieuwburgh M., Wambach J.A., Griese M., Danhaive O. Towards personalized therapies for genetic disorders of surfactant dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 28(6): 101500. DOI: 10.1016/j.siny.2023.101500Овсянников Д.Ю., Жесткова М.А., Стрельникова В.А., Аверин А.П., Атипаева М.А., Брунова О.Ю. и др. Генетические дисфункции системы сурфактанта у детей: результаты многоцентрового исследования. Doctor.ru 2023; 22(3): 22–31. DOI: 10.31550/1727–2378–2023–22–3–22–31Ovsyannikov D.Yu., Zhestkova M.A., Strelnikova V.A., Averin A.P., Atipaeva M.A., Brunova O.Yu. et al. Genetic dysfunctions of the surfactant system in children: results of a multicenter study. Doctor.ru 2023; 22(3): 22–31. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.31550/1727–2378–2023–22–3–22–31Hamouda S., Trabelsi I., de Becdelièvre A., Boussetta K. Difficulties in the treatment of an infant survivor with inherited surfactant protein-B deficiency in Tunisia. Ann Thorac Med 2022; 17(2): 132–135. DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_445_21Hamouda S., Trabelsi I., de Becdelièvre A., Boussetta K. Difficulties in the treatment of an infant survivor with inherited surfactant protein-B deficiency in Tunisia. Ann Thorac Med 2022; 17(2): 132–135. DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_445_21Kang M.H., van Lieshout L.P., Xu L., Domm J.M., Vadivel A., Renesme L., et al. A lung tropic AAV vector improves survival in a mouse model of surfactant B deficiency. Nat Commun 2020; 11(1): 3929. DOI: 10.1038/s41467–020–17577–8Kang M.H., van Lieshout L.P., Xu L., Domm J.M., Vadivel A., Renesme L., et al. A lung tropic AAV vector improves survival in a mouse model of surfactant B deficiency. Nat Commun 2020; 11(1): 3929. DOI: 10.1038/s41467–020–17577–8Peca D., Boldrini R., Johannson J., Shieh J.T., Citti A., Petrini S., et al. Clinical and ultrastructural spectrum of diffuse lung disease associated with surfactant protein C mutations. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23(8): 1033–1041. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.45Peca D., Boldrini R., Johannson J., Shieh J.T., Citti A., Petrini S., et al. Clinical and ultrastructural spectrum of diffuse lung disease associated with surfactant protein C mutations. Eur J Hum Genet 2015; 23(8): 1033–1041. DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2015.45Alapati D., Zacharias W.J., Hartman H.A., Rossidis A.C., Stratigis J.D., Ahn N.J., et al. In utero gene editing for monogenic lung disease. Sci Transl Med 2019;11(488):eaav8375. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8375Alapati D., Zacharias W.J., Hartman H.A., Rossidis A.C., Stratigis J.D., Ahn N.J., et al. In utero gene editing for monogenic lung disease. Sci Transl Med 2019;11(488):eaav8375. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav8375Kinting S., Höppner S., Schindlbeck U., Forstner M.E., Harfst J., Wittmann T., et al. Functional rescue of misfolding ABCA3 mutations by small molecular correctors. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27(6): 943–953. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy011Kinting S., Höppner S., Schindlbeck U., Forstner M.E., Harfst J., Wittmann T., et al. Functional rescue of misfolding ABCA3 mutations by small molecular correctors. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27(6): 943–953. DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy011Hamvas A., Deterding R.R., Wert S.E., White F.V., Dishop M.K., Alfano D.N., et al. Heterogeneous pulmonary phenotypes associated with mutations in the thyroid transcription factor gene NKX2–1. Chest 2013; 144(3): 794–804. DOI: 10.1378/chest.12–2502Hamvas A., Deterding R.R., Wert S.E., White F.V., Dishop M.K., Alfano D.N., et al. Heterogeneous pulmonary phenotypes associated with mutations in the thyroid transcription factor gene NKX2–1. Chest 2013; 144(3): 794–804. DOI: 10.1378/chest.12–2502

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.