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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2025-70-3-36-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-2208</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиологическaя структура сепсиса у глубоконедоношенных детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Etiological structure of sepsis in extremely premature infants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7638-6195</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушнарева</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushnareva</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кушнарева Мария Васильевна — д.б.н., проф., гл.н.с. отдела неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста </p><p>125412 Россия, Москва, ул.Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>125412, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-4485</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карахан</surname><given-names>Н. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karakhan</surname><given-names>N. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Карахан Наталья Марковна — к.б.н., вед. науч. сотр. отдела радиационной экопатологии детского возраста</p><p>125412 Россия, Москва, ул.Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>125412, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии и детской хирургии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for pediatrics and pediatric surgery at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>70</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2208">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2208</self-uri><abstract><p>Несмотря на значительные достижения в современной неонатологии, сепсис новорожденных остается основным фактором смертности, формирования тяжелых осложнений и инвалидизации у детей. Успех лечения таких детей в значительной степени зависит от проведения своевременной адекватной антибактериальной терапии, базирующейся на знании этиологии заболевания.</p><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Определить особенности современной этиологической структуры сепсиса у глубоконедоношенных новорожденных для повышения эффективности их лечения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование этиологии сепсиса проводили у 24 недоношенных новорожденных с массой тела при рождении от 980 до 1490 г и гестационным возрастом от 26 до 31 недели. Посевы биологического материала (кровь, фекалии и отделяемое из очагов инфекции), а также определение чувствительности патогенов к антибиотикам проводили общепринятыми методами.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. У подавляющего большинства детей гемокультуры были положительными. В посевах крови преимущественно были выделены грамположительные кокки (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus группы B), реже грамотрицательные бактерии (сем. Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa и Neisseria meningitidis), Candida albicans, а также внутриклеточные микроорганизмы: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamidia trachomatis. У большинства младенцев имела место моноинфекция. Ассоциации в гемокультурах выявляли в виде сочетания бактерий и/или внутриклеточных микроорганизмов. В локальных очагах инфекции были обнаружены преимущественно те же микроорганизмы, что и в крови. Большинство штаммов бактериальных возбудителей были полирезистентными к антибиотикам.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Этиология сепсиса у глубоконедоношенных детей представлена широким спектром микроорганизмов с преобладанием грамположительных бактерий и возбудителей внутриутробной инфекции — внутриклеточных патогенов. Посевы крови и биоматериала из очагов инфекции для выделения возбудителей неонатального сепсиса позволят определить выбор антибактериальной терапии на всех этапах лечения, особенно при раннем их назначении.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite significant advances in modern neonatology, neonatal sepsis remains the main factor in mortality, severe complications, and disability in children. The success of treatment of such children largely depends on timely and adequate antibacterial therapy based on knowledge of the etiology of the disease.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To determine the features of the modern etiological structure of sepsis in extremely premature infants to improve the effectiveness of their treatment.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study of the etiology of sepsis was carried out in 24 premature infants with a birth weight of 980 to 1490 g and a gestational age of 26 to 31 weeks. Sowing of biological material (blood, feces and discharge from foci of infection), as well as determination of the sensitivity of pathogens to antibiotics were carried out using generally accepted methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Blood cultures were positive in the vast majority of infants. Blood cultures predominantly yielded gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, group B Streptococcus), less commonly gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Neisseria meningitidis), Candida albicans, and intracellular microorganisms: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Chlamidia trachomatis. Most infants had monoinfection. Blood culture associations were detected as combinations of bacteria and/or intracellular microorganisms. Local foci of infection predominantly yielded the same microorganisms as those found in the blood. Most strains of bacterial pathogens were multiresistant to antibiotics.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The etiology of sepsis in extremely premature infants is represented by a wide range of microorganisms with a predominance of gram-positive bacteria and pathogens of intrauterine infection — intracellular pathogens. Blood and biomaterial cultures from infection foci to isolate pathogens causing neonatal sepsis will help determine the choice of antibacterial therapy at all stages of treatment, especially when prescribed early.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные новорожденные</kwd><kwd>cепсис</kwd><kwd>возбудители</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature newborns</kwd><kwd>sepsis</kwd><kwd>pathogens</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raturi A., Chandran S. Neonatal Sepsis: Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnostic Advances and Management Strategies. Clin Med Insights Pediatr. 2024; 18: 11795565241281337. DOI: 10.1177/11795565241281337</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raturi A., Chandran S. 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