<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-1-71-79</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-23</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эхокардиографический скрининг детей и подростков при допуске к занятиям спортом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Echocardiographic screening in children and teenagers to be admitted to sports activities</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарыкин</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharykin</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии № 1 педиатрического факультета; ст. научн. сотр. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Субботин</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Subbotin</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач функциональной диагностики</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Павлов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., зав. отделением функциональной диагностики</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бадтиева</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Badtieva</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., зав. филиалом №1 (клиника спортивной медицины)</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трунина</surname><given-names>И. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Trunina</surname><given-names>I. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии № 1 педиатрического факультета;</p><p>зав. кардиологическим отделением</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попова</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popova</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач функциональной диагностики</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шилыковская</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shilykovskaya</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач функциональной диагностики</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РФ; ГАУЗ «Московский научно-практический центр медицинской реабилитации, восстановительной и спортивной медицины» Департамента здравоохранения Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow; Moscow Research and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГАУЗ «Московский научно-практический центр медицинской реабилитации, восстановительной и спортивной медицины» Департамента здравоохранения Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Moscow Research and Practical Center for Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РФ; ГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница им. З.А. Башляевой» Департамента здравоохранения Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow; Z.A. Bashlyaeva City Children’s Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЗАО «Абсида» (Детская поликлиника «Литфонда»)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>ZAO “Absida” (Children’s Polyclinic, Literature Foundation), Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>03</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/23">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/23</self-uri><abstract><p>Дети и подростки являются тем контингентом, для которого оценка врожденной патологии сердца как препятствия к занятиям спортом требуется наиболее часто. В связи с этим обследованы 440 спортсменов в возрасте 15,6±1,8 года, занимающихся различными видами спорта в течение 6,4±2,5 года и прошедших эхокардиографическое (ЭхоКГ) -исследование. Частота врожденной структурной аномалии сердца по направляющим диагнозам составляла 17,5% (77), после ЭхоКГ-верификации – 54,1% (238) (p&lt;0,0000). У 114 (47,9%) спортсменов были рекомендованы ограничения объема и интенсивности тренировок в связи с морфологическими и функциональными изменениями сердца. У 124 (52,1%) подобных изменений, препятствующих занятиям спортом, выявлено не было. Выводы. 1. При определении противопоказаний для занятий спортом необходимо проведение ЭхоКГ-скрининга врожденной патологии сердца, так как установление диагноза на основании только клинического осмотра и ЭКГ не представляется возможным. 2. Сам по себе факт наличия врожденной аномалии сердца не является противопоказанием для занятий спортом; необходима оценка гемодинамических нарушений, связанных с данной патологией. 3. Аномально расположенные хорды и трабекулы не сопровождаются какими-либо осложнениями и не являются препятствием для занятий спортом.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Children and teenagers are a group in which congenital heart disease (CHD) is most commonly considered as a contraindication to sports activities. In this connection, 440 athletes aged 15.6±1.8 years, who had been going for sports for 6.4±2.5 years and who had undergone echocardiography, were examined. The rate of congenital heart disease according to the preliminary diagnoses was 77 (17.5%), that after echocardiographic verification was 238 (54.1%) (p&lt;0.0000). Training volume and intensity limitations were recommended in 114 (47.9%) athletes because of cardiac morphological and functional changes. These changes contradicting sports activities were not found in 124 (52.1%) athletes. Conclusions. 1. EchoCG screening for congenital heart disease is required to define contraindications to sports activities, for it is impossible to establish its diagnosis only on the basis of clinical examination and ECG. 2. The mere fact of CHD is not a contraindication to athletic activities; is necessary to evaluate hemodynamic disorders associated with this pathology. 3. Abnormally located chordae and trabeculae are neither followed by any complications and nor a contradiction to sports activities.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>спорт</kwd><kwd>врожденные пороки сердца</kwd><kwd>аномальные хорды</kwd><kwd>пролапс митрального клапана</kwd><kwd>эхокардиография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сhildren</kwd><kwd>sports</kwd><kwd>congenital heart diseases</kwd><kwd>abnormal chordae</kwd><kwd>mitral valve prolapse</kwd><kwd>echocardiography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития РФ (Минздравсоцразвития России) от 9 августа 2010 г. N 613н г. Москва «Об утверждении порядка оказания медицинской помощи при проведении физкультурных и спортивных мероприятий». 2010; http:// www.rg.ru/2010/10/01/sport-dok.html. (About the statement of an order of delivery of health care when holding sports and sporting events” of August 9 2010 N 613 n. 2010; http://www. rg.ru/2010/10/01/sport-dok.html).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Приказ Министерства здравоохранения и социального развития РФ (Минздравсоцразвития России) от 9 августа 2010 г. N 613н г. Москва «Об утверждении порядка оказания медицинской помощи при проведении физкультурных и спортивных мероприятий». 2010; http:// www.rg.ru/2010/10/01/sport-dok.html. (About the statement of an order of delivery of health care when holding sports and sporting events” of August 9 2010 N 613 n. 2010; http://www. rg.ru/2010/10/01/sport-dok.html).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maron B.J., Zipes D.P. Eligibility Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities. 36th Bethesda Conference. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 8: 1313–1375.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maron B.J., Zipes D.P. Eligibility Recommendations for Competitive Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities. 36th Bethesda Conference. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 45: 8: 1313–1375.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A., Fagard R., Bjornstad H.H. et al. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease. A consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart J 2005; 26: 1422–1445.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A., Fagard R., Bjornstad H.H. et al. Recommendations for competitive sports participation in athletes with cardiovascular disease. A consensus document from the Study Group of Sports Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology. European Heart J 2005; 26: 1422–1445.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальные рекомендации по допуску спортсменов с отклонениями со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы к тренировочно-соревновательному процессу. Объединенная рабочая группа по подготовке рекомендаций Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов (ВНОК), Российской ассоциации по спортивной медицине и реабилитации больных и инвалидов (РАСМИРБИ), Российского общества холтеровского мониторирования и неинвазивной электрофизиологии (РОХМИНЭ), Ас- социации детских кардиологов России. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии 2011; 7: приложение № 6: 2–60. (National recommendations about the admission of athletes with deviations from cardiovascular system to training competitively process. Joint working group on preparation of recommendations of the All-Russian Scientific Organization of Cardiologists (ARSOC), Russian association on sports medicine and rehabilitation of patients and disabled people (RASMIRBI), Russian Society of Holterovsky Monitoring and Noninvasive Electrophysiology (RSHMNE), Association of children’s cardiologists of Russia. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 2011; 7: appendix No. 6: 2–60.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Национальные рекомендации по допуску спортсменов с отклонениями со стороны сердечно-сосудистой системы к тренировочно-соревновательному процессу. Объединенная рабочая группа по подготовке рекомендаций Всероссийского научного общества кардиологов (ВНОК), Российской ассоциации по спортивной медицине и реабилитации больных и инвалидов (РАСМИРБИ), Российского общества холтеровского мониторирования и неинвазивной электрофизиологии (РОХМИНЭ), Ас- социации детских кардиологов России. Рациональная Фармакотерапия в Кардиологии 2011; 7: приложение № 6: 2–60. (National recommendations about the admission of athletes with deviations from cardiovascular system to training competitively process. Joint working group on preparation of recommendations of the All-Russian Scientific Organization of Cardiologists (ARSOC), Russian association on sports medicine and rehabilitation of patients and disabled people (RASMIRBI), Russian Society of Holterovsky Monitoring and Noninvasive Electrophysiology (RSHMNE), Association of children’s cardiologists of Russia. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 2011; 7: appendix No. 6: 2–60.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Макарова Г.А., Мирошникова Ю.В., Дидур М.Д. и др. Медицинские противопоказания к учебно-тренировочному процессу и участию в спортивных соревнованиях. Метод. рекоменд. М, 2014; 105. (Makarova G. A., Miroshnikova Yu.V., Didur M. D. et al. Medical contraindications to educational training process and participation in sports competitions. Method. recomend., M, 2014; 105.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Макарова Г.А., Мирошникова Ю.В., Дидур М.Д. и др. Медицинские противопоказания к учебно-тренировочному процессу и участию в спортивных соревнованиях. Метод. рекоменд. М, 2014; 105. (Makarova G. A., Miroshnikova Yu.V., Didur M. D. et al. Medical contraindications to educational training process and participation in sports competitions. Method. recomend., M, 2014; 105.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B. et al. Рекомендации по количественной оценке структуры и функции камер сердца. Росс кардиол журн 2012; 95: 3: Приложение 1: 1–28. (Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B. et al. Recommendations about a quantitative assessment of structure and function of cameras of heart. Ross Kardiol Zhurn 2012; 95: 3: Suppl 1: 1–28.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B. et al. Рекомендации по количественной оценке структуры и функции камер сердца. Росс кардиол журн 2012; 95: 3: Приложение 1: 1–28. (Lang R.M., Bierig M., Devereux R.B. et al. Recommendations about a quantitative assessment of structure and function of cameras of heart. Ross Kardiol Zhurn 2012; 95: 3: Suppl 1: 1–28.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pettersen M.D., Du W., Skeens M.E., Humes R.A. Regression equations for calculation of z scores of cardiac structures in a large cohort of healthy infants, children, and adolescents: an echocardiographic study. J Am Soc Echocardiography 2008; 2: 922–934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pettersen M.D., Du W., Skeens M.E., Humes R.A. Regression equations for calculation of z scores of cardiac structures in a large cohort of healthy infants, children, and adolescents: an echocardiographic study. J Am Soc Echocardiography 2008; 2: 922–934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Warren A.E., Boyd M.L., O’Connell C., Dodds L. Dilatation of the ascending aorta in paediatric patients with bicuspid aortic valve: frequency, rate of progression and risk factors. Heart 2006; 92: 1496–1500.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Warren A.E., Boyd M.L., O’Connell C., Dodds L. Dilatation of the ascending aorta in paediatric patients with bicuspid aortic valve: frequency, rate of progression and risk factors. Heart 2006; 92: 1496–1500.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelliccia A., Di Paolo F.M., Corrado D. et al. Evidence for efficacy of the Italian national pre-participation screening programme for identification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in competitive athletes. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 2196 –2200.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelliccia A., Di Paolo F.M., Corrado D. et al. Evidence for efficacy of the Italian national pre-participation screening programme for identification of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in competitive athletes. Eur Heart J 2006; 27: 2196 –2200.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corrado D., Basso C., Pavei A. et al. Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA 2006; 296: 1593–1601.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corrado D., Basso C., Pavei A. et al. Trends in sudden cardiovascular death in young competitive athletes after implementation of a preparticipation screening program. JAMA 2006; 296: 1593–1601.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lawless C.E., Olshansk B., Washington R.L. et al. Sports and exercise cardiology in the United States. Cardiovascular specialists as members of the Athlete Healthcare Team. J Am Coll Card 2014; 63: 15: 1461–1472.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lawless C.E., Olshansk B., Washington R.L. et al. Sports and exercise cardiology in the United States. Cardiovascular specialists as members of the Athlete Healthcare Team. J Am Coll Card 2014; 63: 15: 1461–1472.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silbiger J.J. Left ventricular false tendons: anatomic, echocardiographic, and pathophysiologic insights. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26: 582–588.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silbiger J.J. Left ventricular false tendons: anatomic, echocardiographic, and pathophysiologic insights. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2013; 26: 582–588.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abouezzeddine O., Suleiman M., Buescher T. et al. Relevance of endocavitary structures in ablation procedures for ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010; 21: 245–254.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abouezzeddine O., Suleiman M., Buescher T. et al. Relevance of endocavitary structures in ablation procedures for ventricular tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2010; 21: 245–254.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weidenbener E.J., Krauss M.D., Waller B.F. Incorporation of screening echocardiography in the preparticipation exam. Clinical J Sport Medicine 1995; 5: 2: 86–89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weidenbener E.J., Krauss M.D., Waller B.F. Incorporation of screening echocardiography in the preparticipation exam. Clinical J Sport Medicine 1995; 5: 2: 86–89.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzello V., Lombardo A., Colizzi C., Pennestrì F. Entrapment of a floating thrombus in the right atrium by persistent Chiari’s network: A barrier to massive pulmonary embolism. Intern J Cardiology 2009; 132: e40–e41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzello V., Lombardo A., Colizzi C., Pennestrì F. Entrapment of a floating thrombus in the right atrium by persistent Chiari’s network: A barrier to massive pulmonary embolism. Intern J Cardiology 2009; 132: e40–e41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barthelmess A., Harten M., Mein G. et al. The incidence and associated abnormalities of atrial septal aneurysms – A review of 106,418 Echocardiograms. Heart, Lung and Circulation 2012; 21: S143–S316.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barthelmess A., Harten M., Mein G. et al. The incidence and associated abnormalities of atrial septal aneurysms – A review of 106,418 Echocardiograms. Heart, Lung and Circulation 2012; 21: S143–S316.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozcelik N., Atalay S., Tutar E., Ekici F. Prevalence of interatrial septal aneurysm in newborns and their natural course. Pediatr Cardiol 2006; 27: 343–346.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozcelik N., Atalay S., Tutar E., Ekici F. Prevalence of interatrial septal aneurysm in newborns and their natural course. Pediatr Cardiol 2006; 27: 343–346.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Tullio M.R., Sacco R.L., Sciacca R.R. et al. Patent foramen ovale and the risk of ischemic stroke in a multiethnic population. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 797–802.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Tullio M.R., Sacco R.L., Sciacca R.R. et al. Patent foramen ovale and the risk of ischemic stroke in a multiethnic population. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49: 797–802.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faggiano P., Frattini S., Piovesana P. et al. Low cerebrovascular event rate in subjects with patent foramen ovale and different clinical presentations. Results from a prospective nonrandomized study on a population including patients with and without patent foramen ovale closure. Intern J Cardiol 2012; 156: 47–52.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faggiano P., Frattini S., Piovesana P. et al. Low cerebrovascular event rate in subjects with patent foramen ovale and different clinical presentations. Results from a prospective nonrandomized study on a population including patients with and without patent foramen ovale closure. Intern J Cardiol 2012; 156: 47–52.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hagen P.T., Scholz D.G., Edwards W.D. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc 1984; 59: 17–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hagen P.T., Scholz D.G., Edwards W.D. Incidence and size of patent foramen ovale during the first 10 decades of life: an autopsy study of 965 normal hearts. Mayo Clin Proc 1984; 59: 17–20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cockerham J.T., Martin T.C., Gutierrez F.R. et al. Spontaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect in infants and young children. Am J Cardiol 1983; 52: 1267–1271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cockerham J.T., Martin T.C., Gutierrez F.R. et al. Spontaneous closure of secundum atrial septal defect in infants and young children. Am J Cardiol 1983; 52: 1267–1271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарыкин А.С., Яшина М.А., Шилыковская Е.В. Клиническое наблюдение увеличения диаметра открытого овального окна в подростковом возрасте. Росс вестн перинатол и педиатр 2013; 1: 40–43. (Sharykin A.S., Yashina M. A., Shilykovskaya E.V. Clinical supervision of increase in diameter of an open oval window at teenage age. Ros vestn perinatal i pediatr 2013; 1: 40–43.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шарыкин А.С., Яшина М.А., Шилыковская Е.В. Клиническое наблюдение увеличения диаметра открытого овального окна в подростковом возрасте. Росс вестн перинатол и педиатр 2013; 1: 40–43. (Sharykin A.S., Yashina M. A., Shilykovskaya E.V. Clinical supervision of increase in diameter of an open oval window at teenage age. Ros vestn perinatal i pediatr 2013; 1: 40–43.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Mozzi P., Longo U.G., Galanti G., Maffull N. Bicuspid aortic valve: a literature review and its impact on sport activity. British Medical Bulletin 2008; 85: 63–85.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Mozzi P., Longo U.G., Galanti G., Maffull N. Bicuspid aortic valve: a literature review and its impact on sport activity. British Medical Bulletin 2008; 85: 63–85.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарыкин А.С. Пролапс митрального клапана – изменения в критериях диагностики и варианты течения заболевания. Consilium medicum (Педиатрия) 2013; 2: 43–48. (Sharykin A.S. Prolaps of the mitral valve – changes in criteria of diagnostics and options of a course of a disease. Consilium medicum (Pediatriya) 2013; 2: 43–48.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шарыкин А.С. Пролапс митрального клапана – изменения в критериях диагностики и варианты течения заболевания. Consilium medicum (Педиатрия) 2013; 2: 43–48. (Sharykin A.S. Prolaps of the mitral valve – changes in criteria of diagnostics and options of a course of a disease. Consilium medicum (Pediatriya) 2013; 2: 43–48.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hepnera A.D., Morrella H., Greavesa S. et al. Prevalence of mitral valvar prolapse in young athletes. Cardiology in the Young 2008; 18: 402-404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hepnera A.D., Morrella H., Greavesa S. et al. Prevalence of mitral valvar prolapse in young athletes. Cardiology in the Young 2008; 18: 402-404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avierinos J.-F., Gersh B.J., Melton J. III et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation 2002; 106: 1355–1361.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avierinos J.-F., Gersh B.J., Melton J. III et al. Natural history of asymptomatic mitral valve prolapse in the community. Circulation 2002; 106: 1355–1361.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарыкин А.С., Попова Н.Е., Бадтиева В.А. и др. Пролапс митрального клапана у юных спортсменов. Росс вестн перинатол и педиатр 2014; 59: 6: 40–45. (Sharykin A.S., Popova N.E., Badtiyeva V.A., et al. A prolapse of the mitral valve at young athletes. Ros vestn perinatol i pediatr 2014; 59: 6: 40–45.)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шарыкин А.С., Попова Н.Е., Бадтиева В.А. и др. Пролапс митрального клапана у юных спортсменов. Росс вестн перинатол и педиатр 2014; 59: 6: 40–45. (Sharykin A.S., Popova N.E., Badtiyeva V.A., et al. A prolapse of the mitral valve at young athletes. Ros vestn perinatol i pediatr 2014; 59: 6: 40–45.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wand O., Prokupetz A., Grossman A., Assa A. Natural history of mitral valve prolapse in military aircrew. Cardiology 2011; 118: 1: 50–54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wand O., Prokupetz A., Grossman A., Assa A. Natural history of mitral valve prolapse in military aircrew. Cardiology 2011; 118: 1: 50–54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh. J.P., Evans J.C., Levy D. et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of valvular regurgitation. Cardiology 1992; 81: 365–370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh. J.P., Evans J.C., Levy D. et al. Prevalence and clinical determinants of valvular regurgitation. Cardiology 1992; 81: 365–370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malhotra R., Saunders C., Eagle J. et al. Screening elite athletes with congenital echo: feasibility and findings in our first year. JACC 2012; 59: 13: Suppl: E1930.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malhotra R., Saunders C., Eagle J. et al. Screening elite athletes with congenital echo: feasibility and findings in our first year. JACC 2012; 59: 13: Suppl: E1930.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
