perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2025-70-6-127-137perinatology-2322Research ArticleВ ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУFOR THE PRACTITIONERЭпидермальная аллергия у детейEpidermal allergy in childrenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3428-0843БардениковаС. И.BardenikovaS. I.

Барденикова Светлана Ивановна — к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии Научно-образовательного института клинической медицины им. Н.А. Семашко

127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

127473, Moscow 

s_bard@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6306-1546ДовгунО. Б.DovgunO. B.

Довгун Оксана Борисовна — к.м.н., зав. отделением пульмонологии  

107014, г. Москва, ул. Рубцовско-Дворцовая, д. 1/3 

107014, Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7846ЛокшинаЭ. Э.LokshinaE. E.

Локшина Эвелина Эдуардовна— к.м.н., проф. кафедры педиатрии Научно-образовательного института клинической медицины им. Н.А. Семашко

127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

127473, Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5914-987XШавлоховаЛ. А.ShavlokhovaL. A.

Шавлохова Лариса Аркадьевна — к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии Научно-образовательного института клинической медицины им. Н.А. Семашко

127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

127473, Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3920-2430БагироваН. И.BagirovaN. I.

Багирова Наталья Ивановна — к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии Научно-образовательного института клинической медицины им. Н.А. Семашко

127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

127473, Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8529-1518КузнецовГ. Б.KuznetsovG. B.

Кузнецов Георгий Борисович— к.м.н., доцент кафедры педиатрии Научно-образовательного института клинической медицины им. Н.А. Семашко

127006, г. Москва, ул. Долгоруковская, д. 4

127473, Moscow 

ФГБОУ ВО «Российский университет медицины» Минздрава РоссииРоссияRussian University of MedicineRussian FederationГБУЗ «Детская городская клиническая больница святого Владимира» ДЗМРоссияSt. Vladimir Children’s City Clinical HospitalRussian Federation202530122025706127137Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20252025Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2322

В статье обсуждаются проблемы аллергии на животных: распространенность в разных популяциях, аспекты географической и возрастной эпидемиологии. Рассматриваются наиболее частые виды эпидермальных аллергенов, их основные носители, возможные пути эпидермальной сенсибилизации, факторы риска и связь с наследственной предрасположенностью. Акцентируется внимание на отсутствии гипоаллергенных пород животных. Обсуждаются значимость животных аллергенов в развитии аллергических заболеваний и их клинические варианты, базовые вопросы верификации диагноза и возможности молекулярной аллергодиагностики. Уделено внимание научной дискуссии об иммуномодулирующем влиянии ранней экспозиции (пренатально и постнатально) животных аллергенов при владении домашними питомцами с конкурентной индукцией или развитием эпидермальной аллергии, или программированием иммунной толерантности. Авторы анализируют эффективность традиционных методов профилактики эпидермальной аллергии, базирующихся на устранении экспозиции или избегании причинных триггеров, а также рассматривают инновационные возможности формирования толерантности и контроля содержания животных аллергенов в окружающей среде, которые помогут решать проблемы долгосрочной профилактики и надежно оптимизировать прогноз.

The article discusses the problems of animal appearance: prevalence in different populations, aspects of geographic and age epidemiology. The most common types of epidermal allergens, their main carriers, possible pathways of epidermal sensitization, risk factors and connections with hereditary predisposition are considered. Attention is focused on the absence of hypoallergenic animal breeds. Cases of the occurrence of allergens in animals in the development of their diseases and their useful variants, basic issues of diagnosis verification and the possibilities of molecular allergy diagnostics are discussed. Attention is paid to the scientific discussion about the immunomodulatory effect of early exposure (prenatally and postnatally) to animal allergens in pet ownership with competitive induction or development of epidermal allergy, or programming of immune tolerance. The authors analyze the effectiveness of traditional methods of preventing epidermal allergies, based on eliminating exposure or avoiding causative triggers, and also consider innovative opportunities for developing tolerance and controlling the content of animal allergens in the environment, which will help solve the problems of long-term prevention and reliably optimize the prognosis.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.