<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2026-71-1-49-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-2357</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Перинатальные факторы риска специфических и неспецифических расстройств речевого развития у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Perinatal risk factors for specific and non-specific speech development disorders in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8582-592X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гамирова</surname><given-names>Р. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gamirova</surname><given-names>R. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гамирова Римма Габдульбаровна – к.м.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой неврологии с курсами психиатрии, клинической психологии и медицинской генетики, ведущий научный сотрудник НИЛ; зав. отделением неврологии, эпилептологии и медицины сна Millenium Clinic «Нейрокогнитивные исследования»</p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, дом 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">r-gamirov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3859-5543</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горобец</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorobets</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горобец Елена Анатольевна – к.филол.н., доцент, зав. кафедрой прикладной и экспериментальной лингвистики, ведущий научный сотрудник НИЛ «Нейрокогнитивные исследования», зав. Центром патологии речи Медико-санитарной части</p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, дом 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0069-5146</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Ольга Александровна – н. с. Научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Нейрокогнитивные исследования», логопед Центра патологии речи Медико-санитарной части</p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, дом 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0909-9353</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лайкова</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Laykova</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лайкова Юлия Владимировна – к.филол.н., с. н. с. Научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Нейрокогнитивные исследования», доцент кафедры прикладной и экспериментальной лингвистики </p><p>420008, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, дом 18</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4255-9107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гайнетдинова</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gaynetdinova</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гайнетдинова Дина Дамировна – д.м.н., проф., профессор кафедры неврологии</p><p>420012, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, дом 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4147-2309</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Волгина</surname><given-names>С. Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Volgina</surname><given-names>S. Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Волгина Светлана Яковлевна – д.м.н., проф., профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии</p><p>420012, г. Казань, ул. Бутлерова, дом 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2357">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2357</self-uri><abstract><p>Количественный рост расстройств речевого развития является одной из самых актуальных проблем в педиатрии и детской неврологии.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Выявление статистически значимых различий влияния перинатальных факторов риска на возникновение специфических и неспецифических расстройств речевого развития.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В лонгитюдное исследование вошли 525 детей со специфическими и неспецифическими расстройствами речевого развития (324 мальчика, 201 девочка, годы рождения с 2005 по 2021). В группу со специфическими речевыми расстройствами входило 322 ребенка, в группу с коморбидными расстройствами — 203 ребенка. Проанализированы данные анамнеза, связанные с перинатальным периодом развития, результаты неврологических обследований в течение первого года жизни в их взаимосвязи с данными о двигательном и дальнейшем речевом развитии детей. Проводился сравнительный анализ в группах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Статистически значимые различия (более высокая частота встречаемости в группе с коморбидными расстройствами) выявлены в отношении следующих факторов риска: экстракорпоральное оплодотворение (p=0.02); угроза прерывания беременности (p&lt;0.00001), в особенности в третьем триместре (p=0.0002); инфекционные заболевания, перенесенные во время беременности (p&lt;0.00001), в особенности острые респираторные заболевания (p&lt;0.00001) и грипп (p=0.002), инфекции, передаваемые половым путем (p=0.001); терапия антибиотиками в 3 триместре беременности (p=0.04); церебральная ишемия в неонатальный период (p=0.04); перинатальное поражение центральной нервной системы в форме синдрома пирамидной недостаточности (p&lt;0.00001) в течение первого года жизни; наличие гипербилирубинемии (p&lt;0.00001), в том числе пролонгированной, с показателями билирубина выше 200 мкмоль/л (p&lt;0.00001).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Педиатрам и неврологам необходимо проявлять настороженность при выявлении данных факторов риска при оценке развития ребенка в возрасте до трех лет, поскольку они могут являться предвестниками дальнейшей задержки психоречевого развития, и своевременно направлять детей на нейропсихологическую диагностику с целью раннего вмешательства в процесс абилитации.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The increasing incidence of speech development disorders is one of the most significant issues in pediatrics and child neurology.</p><sec><title>The aim of the study</title><p>The aim of the study. To identify statistically significant differences in the influence of perinatal risk factors on the occurrence of specific and nonspecific speech development disorders.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The longitudinal study included 525 children with specific and nonspecific speech development disorders (324 boys, 201 girls, born between 2005 and 2021). The group with specific speech disorders consisted of 322 children, while the group with comorbid disorders included 203 children. The authors analyzed anamnesis data related to the prenatal and perinatal periods of development, the results of neurological examinations during the first year of life, and their relationship with data on the children's motor and subsequent speech development. A comparative analysis was conducted in the groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Statistically significant differences (higher incidence in the group with comorbid disorders) were revealed for the following risk factors: in vitro fertilization (p=0.02); threatened miscarriage (p&lt;0.00001), especially in the third trimester (p=0.0002); infectious diseases during pregnancy (p&lt;0.00001), especially acute respiratory viral infections (p&lt;0.00001) and influenza (p=0.002); sexually transmitted diseases (p=0.001); antibiotic therapy in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (p=0.04); cerebral ischemia in the neonatal period (p=0.04); perinatal damage to the central nervous system in the form of pyramidal insufficiency syndrome (p&lt;0.00001) during the first year of life; hyperbilirubinemia (p&lt;0.00001), including prolonged variant, with bilirubin levels above 200 µmol/L (p&lt;0.00001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Pediatricians and neurologists should be vigilant in identifying these risk factors when assessing the development of a child under three years of age, since they may be harbingers of further delays in psychomotor development, and promptly refer children for neuropsychological diagnostics for the purpose of early intervention in the habilitation process.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расстройства речевого развития</kwd><kwd>перинатальная патология</kwd><kwd>центральная нервная система</kwd><kwd>детская неврология</kwd><kwd>коморбидные нарушения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>speech development disorders</kwd><kwd>perinatal pathology</kwd><kwd>central nervous system</kwd><kwd>pediatric neurology</kwd><kwd>comorbid disorders</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена за счет гранта, предоставленного Академией наук Республики Татарстан образовательным организациям высшего образования, научным и иным организациям на поддержку планов развития кадрового потенциала в части стимулирования их научных и научно-педагогических работников к защите докторских диссертаций и выполнению научно-исследовательских работ</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out at the expense of a grant provided by the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan to educational organizations of higher education, scientific and other organizations to support plans for the development of human resources in terms of stimulating their scientific and teaching staff to defend doctoral dissertations and perform research</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morgan A., Bonthrone A., Liégeois F.J. Brain basis of childhood speech and language disorders: are we closer to clinically meaningful MRI markers? Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016; 28(6): 725–730. DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000420</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morgan A., Bonthrone A., Liégeois F.J. Brain basis of childhood speech and language disorders: are we closer to clinically meaningful MRI markers? Curr Opin Pediatr. 2016; 28(6): 725–730. DOI: 10.1097/MOP.0000000000000420</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yakovleva A.A. Causes of speech disorders in preschool age. Vestnik psikhofisiologii. 2021; 2: 9–17 (in Russ) DOI: 10.34985/w3351-4363-4027-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yakovleva A.A. Causes of speech disorders in preschool age. Vestnik psikhofisiologii. 2021; 2: 9–17 (in Russ) DOI: 10.34985/w3351-4363-4027-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesavan K., Devaskar S.U. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Postnatal Monitoring and Outcomes. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019; 66(2): 403-423. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.12.009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesavan K., Devaskar S.U. Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Postnatal Monitoring and Outcomes. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2019; 66(2): 403-423. DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.12.009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clinical guidelines - Specific developmental speech disorders in children - 2021-2022-2023 (09.21.2021). Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (in Russ) https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/170_2. Ссылка активна на 06.12.2025.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clinical guidelines - Specific developmental speech disorders in children - 2021-2022-2023 (09.21.2021). Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (in Russ) https://cr.minzdrav.gov.ru/recomend/170_2. Ссылка активна на 06.12.2025.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salley J., Crook L., Ciccia A., Haarbauer-Krupa J., Lundine J.P. Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children: A Scoping Review. Semin Speech Lang. 2020; 41(2): 125– 142. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701682</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salley J., Crook L., Ciccia A., Haarbauer-Krupa J., Lundine J.P. Traumatic Brain Injury in Young Children: A Scoping Review. Semin Speech Lang. 2020; 41(2): 125– 142. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1701682</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukhin K.Yu., Pylaeva O.A. The formation of cognitive and mental disorders in epilepsy: the role of various factors associated with disease and treatment (a review of literature and case reports. Russkij zhurnal detskoj nevrologii. 2017; 12(3): 7–33 (in Russ). DOI:10.17650/2073-8803-2017-12-3-7-33</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhin K.Yu., Pylaeva O.A. The formation of cognitive and mental disorders in epilepsy: the role of various factors associated with disease and treatment (a review of literature and case reports. Russkij zhurnal detskoj nevrologii. 2017; 12(3): 7–33 (in Russ). DOI:10.17650/2073-8803-2017-12-3-7-33</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zavadenko N.N., Kholin A.A., Zavadenko A.N., Michurina E.S. Speech and language neurodevelopmental disorders in epilepsy: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic approache. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S.S. Korsakova. 2018; 118(8): 118-1258 (in Russ). DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118081118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zavadenko N.N., Kholin A.A., Zavadenko A.N., Michurina E.S. Speech and language neurodevelopmental disorders in epilepsy: pathophysiologic mechanisms and therapeutic approache. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S.S. Korsakova. 2018; 118(8): 118-1258 (in Russ). DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118081118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukhin K.Yu. Cognitive epileptiform disintegration: definition, diagnosis, therapy. Russkij zhurnal detskoj nevrologii. 2012; 7 (1): 3–20 (in Russ)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukhin K.Yu. Cognitive epileptiform disintegration: definition, diagnosis, therapy. Russkij zhurnal detskoj nevrologii. 2012; 7 (1): 3–20 (in Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meng Y., Best S., Amor D.J., Braden R., Morgan A.T., Goranitis I. The value of genomic testing in severe childhood speech disorders. Eur J Hum Genet. 2024; 32(4): 440-447. DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01534-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meng Y., Best S., Amor D.J., Braden R., Morgan A.T., Goranitis I. The value of genomic testing in severe childhood speech disorders. Eur J Hum Genet. 2024; 32(4): 440-447. DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01534-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">den Hoed J., Fisher SE. Genetic pathways involved in hu-man speech disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2020; 65: 103-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">den Hoed J., Fisher SE. Genetic pathways involved in hu-man speech disorders. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2020; 65: 103-111. DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.05.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O'Hare A, Bremner L. Management of developmental speech and language disorders: Part 1. Arch Dis Child. 2016; 101(3): 272–277. DOI: 10.1136/archdis-child-2014-307394</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O'Hare A, Bremner L. Management of developmental speech and language disorders: Part 1. Arch Dis Child. 2016; 101(3): 272–277. DOI: 10.1136/archdis-child-2014-307394</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gamirova R.G., Gorobets E.A., Skhirtladze A.V., Prusakov V.F., Volgina S.Ya. Features of cognitive development in children of early and preschool age using gadgets. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii. 2021; 66(5): 163-167. (in Russ). DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-5-163-167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gamirova R.G., Gorobets E.A., Skhirtladze A.V., Prusakov V.F., Volgina S.Ya. Features of cognitive development in children of early and preschool age using gadgets. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii. 2021; 66(5): 163-167. (in Russ). DOI: 10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-5-163-167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang F., Chen L., Jiang K. Neuroinflammation in Bilirubin Neurotoxicity. J Integr Neurosci. 2023; 22(1): 9. DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2201009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang F., Chen L., Jiang K. Neuroinflammation in Bilirubin Neurotoxicity. J Integr Neurosci. 2023; 22(1): 9. DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2201009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hauptman A.J., Ferrafiat V. Neuroinflammatory syndromes in children. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2023; 36(2): 87-95. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000846</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hauptman A.J., Ferrafiat V. Neuroinflammatory syndromes in children. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2023; 36(2): 87-95. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000846</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meyer S., Kühn D., Ptok M. Incomprehensible speech in children. Childhood apraxia of speech HNO. 2012; 60(5): 410-415. DOI: 10.1007/s00106-011-2446-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meyer S., Kühn D., Ptok M. Incomprehensible speech in children. Childhood apraxia of speech HNO. 2012; 60(5): 410-415. DOI: 10.1007/s00106-011-2446-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGregor K.K. How We Fail Children With Developmental Language Disorder. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2020; 51(4): 981-992. DOI: 10.1044/2020_LSHSS-20-00003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGregor K.K. How We Fail Children With Developmental Language Disorder. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2020; 51(4): 981-992. DOI: 10.1044/2020_LSHSS-20-00003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bespyatova K.V., Perepelica S.A. Search for the causes of speech disorders in children (perinatal aspects). Vestnik Baltijskogo federal'nogo universiteta im. I. Kanta. Ser.: Filologiya, pedagogika, psihologiya. 2024; 3: 120-129 (in Russ) DOI: 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2024-3-11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bespyatova K.V., Perepelica S.A. Search for the causes of speech disorders in children (perinatal aspects). Vestnik Baltijskogo federal'nogo universiteta im. I. Kanta. Ser.: Filologiya, pedagogika, psihologiya. 2024; 3: 120-129 (in Russ) DOI: 10.5922/vestnikpsy-2024-3-11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balázs A., Lakatos K., Harmati-Pap V., Tóth I., Kas B. The influence of temperament and perinatal factors on language development: a longitudinal study // Front Psychol. 2024; 15: 1375353. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balázs A., Lakatos K., Harmati-Pap V., Tóth I., Kas B. The influence of temperament and perinatal factors on language development: a longitudinal study // Front Psychol. 2024; 15: 1375353. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1375353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Can D.D., Richards T., Kuhl P.K. Early gray-matter and white-matter concentration in infancy predict later language skills: a whole brain voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Lang. 2013; 124: 34–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.10.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Can D.D., Richards T., Kuhl P.K. Early gray-matter and white-matter concentration in infancy predict later language skills: a whole brain voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Lang. 2013; 124: 34–44. DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2012.10.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nabieva T.N. Neurological consequences of perinatal asphyxia in preschool children. Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk 2009; 40(2): 72-77 (in Russ)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nabieva T.N. Neurological consequences of perinatal asphyxia in preschool children. Uspekhi fiziologicheskikh nauk 2009; 40(2): 72-77 (in Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zavadenko N.N., Suvorinova N.Yu. Speech development delays in children: causes, diagnosis and treatment. Russkij medicinskij zhurnal. 2016; 6: 362–366 (in Russ)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zavadenko N.N., Suvorinova N.Yu. Speech development delays in children: causes, diagnosis and treatment. Russkij medicinskij zhurnal. 2016; 6: 362–366 (in Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
