perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2026-71-2-25-33perinatology-2376Research ArticleОБЗОРЫ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫLITERATURE REVIEWSНейротоксичность общей анестезии у детей с психоневрологической патологией: современное состояние проблемыNeurotoxicity of general anesthesia in children with psychoneurological pathology: current state of the problemhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9833-0785АдкинаЕ. А.AdkinaE. A.

Адкина Елена Александровна — к.м.н., доцент кафедры детской анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития; врач–анестезиолог-реаниматолог отделения анестезиологии-реанимации 

119620, г. Москва, ул. Авиаторов, дом 38 

119620, Moscow 

117513, Moscow 

ad_el@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8417-3555ЛазаревВ. В.LazarevV. V.

Лазарев Владимир Викторович — д.м.н., профессор, заслуженный врач Российский Федерации, ветеран труда, заведующий кафедрой детской анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии Института непрерывного образования и профессионального развития; главный научный сотрудник 

117513, г. Москва, ул. Островитянова, дом 1 

119620, Moscow 

117513, Moscow 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-9867КрапивкинА. И.KrapivkinA. I.

Крапивкин Алексей Игорьевич — д.м.н., директор ; профессор кафедры госпитальной педиатрии им. академика В.А. Таболина Института материнства и детства

119620б, г. Москва, ул. Авиаторов, дом 38 

119620, Moscow 

117513, Moscow 

ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной медицинской помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого Департамента здравоохранения города Москвы» ; ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияVoino-Yasenetsky Scientific Center for Specialized Medical Care for Children ; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityRussian Federation2026250420267122533Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20262026Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2376

Нейротоксичность препаратов для общей анестезии остается предметом споров и исследований уже на протяжении двух десятилетий. Особенное беспокойство вызывает возможное нейротоксическое воздействие анестезии на развивающуюся ЦНС у детей раннего возраста, а также у детей с психоневрологической патологией. Результаты доклинических исследований на животных демонстрируют нейротоксичность большинства известных препаратов для анестезии, которая проявляется как на микроскопическом уровне, так и в виде клинически значимых нарушений когнитивных и поведенческих функций. Однако вопрос экстраполяции экспериментальных данных на человека остается открытым. Клинические исследования нейротоксичности общей анестезии показывают противоречивые результаты. Малоизученным остается влияние анестезии ксеноном на когнитивные функции детской популяции в целом, и особенно детей с психоневрологической патологией. По данным экспериментальных и клинических исследований, инновационный анестетик ксенон демонстрирует нейропротективные эффекты, что дает основания предполагать отсутствие нейротоксичности и открывает перспективы для применения у пациентов с особо уязвимой центральной нервной системой.

Neurotoxicity of general anaesthesia drugs has been a subject of debate and research for two decades. Of particular concern is the possible neurotoxic effect of anaesthesia on the developing CNS in young children, as well as in children with psychoneurological disorders. The results of preclinical animal studies demonstrate the neurotoxicity of most known anaesthesia drugs, which is manifested both at the microscopic level and in the form of clinically significant impairments of cognitive and behavioural functions. However, the question of extrapolation of experimental data to humans remains open. Clinical studies on the neurotoxicity of general anaesthesia show contradictory results. The effect of xenon anaesthesia on the cognitive functions of the paediatric population in general, and especially children with neuropsychiatric pathology, remains poorly studied. According to the data acquired in experimental and clinical studies, the innovative anaesthetic xenon demonstrates neuroprotective effects, which suggests the absence of neurotoxicity and opens prospects for it's use in patients with a particularly vulnerable central nervous system.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.