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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2026-71-4-117-125</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-2480</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FOR THE PRACTITIONER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клиническое и прогностическое значение метода анализа нервно-мышечных характеристик движений у глубоко недоношенных детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The clinical and prognostic significance of the method for analyzing neuromuscular characteristics of movements in very preterm infants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кешишян</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Keshishyan</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кешишян Елена Соломоновна — д.м.н., проф. кафедры Инновационной педиатрии и детской хирургии Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета им. Н.И. Пирогова, гл.н.с. ГБУЗ «Научно-практический центр специализированной помощи детям им В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» ДЗМ, гл.н.с. ОСП Научно-исследовательского клинического института педиатрии и детской хирургии им Ю.Е. Вельтищева.</p><p>119620, Москва, ул. Авиаторов, д. 38</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117513, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekeshishian@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9531-8657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Солопова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solopova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Солопова Ирина Александровна — к.б.н., в.н.с. лаборатории нейробиологии моторного контроля.</p><p>127051, Москва. Большой Каретный пер., д. 19, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>127051, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">solopova@iitp.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0165-7285</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Селионов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Selionov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Селионов Виктор Александрович — к.б.н., в.н.с. лаборатории нейробиологии моторного контроля.</p><p>127051, Москва. Большой Каретный пер., д. 19, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>127051, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Долинская</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dolinskaya</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Долинская Ирина Юрьевна — м.н.с. лаборатории нейробиологии моторного контроля.</p><p>127051, Москва. Большой Каретный пер., д. 19, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>127051, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2675-230X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахарова</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharova</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сахарова Елена Станиславовна — д.м.н., проф. кафедры Госпитальной педиатрии №2 Института Материнства и Детства РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова, руководитель научного отдела «неонатологии и патологии детей раннего возраста» НИКИ педиатрии и детской хирургии им Ю.Е. Вельтищева.</p><p>125412, Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117513, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ГБУЗ «Научно-практический цент ОСП НИКИ педиатрии и детской хирургии им Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России р специализированной помощи детям им. В.Ф. Войно-Ясенецкого» ДЗМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Research and Practical Center of Specialized Medical Care for Children; Yu.E. Veltischev Research Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУН «Институт проблем передачи информации им. А.А. Харкевича» РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России; ОСП НИКИ педиатрии и детской хирургии им Ю.Е. Вельтищева ФГАОУ ВО Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University; Yu.E. Veltischev Research Institute of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>71</volume><issue>4</issue><elocation-id>117‑125</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2480">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/2480</self-uri><abstract><p>Двигательные функции человека формируются в результате динамического взаимодействия развивающейся нервной системы и опорно-двигательного аппарата, при переходе от спонтанных движений плода к контролю вертикальной позы и развитию локомоции. Тщательный анализ этих двигательных паттернов в раннем онтогенезе может дать представление о функциональной целостности спинномозговых и супраспинальных сетей и выявить ранние отклонения в развитии в группах высокого риска, таких как недоношенные дети. Метод количественного анализа мышечной активности, основанный на регистрации электромиографических и кинематических показателей при спонтанных и пассивных движениях конечностей позволяет объективно оценивать двигательную вариабельность, межконечностную координацию, нервно-мышечную активацию. С использованием данного метода ранее нами были получены количественные характеристики и особенности формирования мышечных реакций у доношенных и недоношенных детей. В данной работе возможности метода проиллюстрированы на примере индивидуального клинического наблюдения глубоко недоношенного ребенка. Несмотря на исходно неблагоприятные клинические предпосылки – экстремально низкую массу тела при рождении, выраженную морфофункциональную незрелость, наличие признаков перивентрикулярной лейкомаляции по нейросонографии, очень медленный прирост моторных навыков, значимо отстающий от нормативов, – применение объективного нейрофизиологического подхода позволило предсказать и проследить положительную динамику и последующее благоприятное формирование моторной функции. Таким образом, количественный нейрофизиологический анализ мышечной активности позволяет объективно оценивать созревание сенсомоторных цепей и имеет клиническую и прогностическую значимость.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Human motor functions are formed as a result of a dynamic interaction between the developing nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, the transition from spontaneous fetal movements to the control of upright posture and the development of locomotion. Careful analysis of these motor patterns in early ontogenesis can provide insight into the functional integrity of spinal and supraspinal networks and identify early developmental deviations in high-risk groups, such as preterm infants. The method of quantitative muscle activity analysis, based on the recording of electromyographic and kinematic parameters during spontaneous and passive limb movements, allows for an objective assessment of motor variability, inter-limb coordination, and neuromuscular activation. Using this method, we previously obtained quantitative characteristics and features of muscle reaction formation in term and preterm infants. In the present study, the capabilities of this method are illustrated through an individual clinical observation of a very preterm infant. Despite unfavorable initial clinical prerequisites – extremely low birth weight, pronounced morpho-functional immaturity, signs of periventricular leukomalacia on cranial ultrasound, and very slow motor skill acquisition significantly lagging behind corrected age norms–the application of an objective neurophysiological approach allowed for the prediction and tracking of positive dynamics and subsequent favorable development of motor functions. Thus, quantitative neurophysiological analysis of muscle activity enables an objective assessment of sensorimotor circuit maturation and holds clinical and prognostic significance.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные младенцы</kwd><kwd>раннее двигательное развитие</kwd><kwd>электромиография</kwd><kwd>мышечный тонус</kwd><kwd>межмышечная координация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preterm infants</kwd><kwd>early motor development</kwd><kwd>electromyography</kwd><kwd>muscle tone</kwd><kwd>neuromuscular coordination</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках госзадания FFNU 2025-0047</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by the State Task of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project FFNU-2025-0047)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Володин Н.Н. 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