perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”perinatology-268Research ArticleВ ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУFOR THE PRACTITIONERБазовые принципы энтерального питания недоношенных детейBasic principles of enteral feeding in premature infantsНароганМ. В.NaroganM. V.

д.м.н., в.н.с. отделения патологии новорожденных и недоношенных детей Научного центра акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова

РюминаИ. И.RyuminaI. I.

д.м.н., рук. того же отделения

ГрошеваЕ. В.GroshevaE. V.

к.м.н., ст.н.с. того же отделения 117997 Москва, ул. Опарина, д. 4

Научный центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова, МоскваРоссияAcademician V.I. Kulakov Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, MoscowRussian Federation201416032016593120128Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20162016Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/268

Оптимизация вскармливания недоношенных детей в настоящее время является одним из приоритетных направлений нео-натологии и педиатрии, так как нутритивная недостаточность в неонатальном периоде оказывает неблагоприятное влияние на здоровье и развитие недоношенного ребенка, в том числе в отдаленные возрастные периоды. Современные рекомендации по энтеральному питанию недоношенных детей основаны на знании анатомо-физиологических особенностей организма недоношенных детей и необходимости профилактики такого грозного заболевания, как некротизирующий энтероколит. Наиболее оптимальным для недоношенных детей любого гестационного возраста является питание нативным грудным молоком своей матери. Для определенных групп недоношенных детей с повышенными нутритивными потребностями обоснованы рекомендации по обогащению грудного молока. Представлены дифференцированные алгоритмы и режимы вскармливания недоношенных детей как грудным молоком, так и молочными смесями в зависимости от многих факторов: гестационный возраст, масса тела, характеристики клинического состояния.

То optimize the feeding of preterm infants is now one of the priority areas in neonatology and pediatrics because neonatal malnutrition has a negative impact on the health and development of a preterm infant, including on those at a later age. Current recommendations for the enteral feeding of preterm infants are based on the knowledge of their anatomic and physiological features and the need to prevent a menacing disease, such as necrotizing enterocolitis. The feeding of preterm infants at any gestational age with their mother's native breast milk is most optimal. Recommendations for breast milk enrichment are warranted for preterm infants with higher nutrient requirements. The paper presents the differential algorithms and regimens for the feeding of preterm infants with both breast milk and milk formulas depending on many factors, such as gestational age, birth weight, and clinical status.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.