perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”perinatology-273Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSДиагностика и лечение некротического энтероколита у недоношенныхNecrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants: Diagnosis and treatmentКучеровЮ. И.KucherovYu. I.

д.м.н., проф., зав. отделением хирургии и реанимации новорожденных НИИ детской хирургии Научного центра здоровья детей РАМН, проф. каф. детской хирургии Российского национального исследовательского медицинского университета им. Н.И. Пирогова

ЖирковаЮ. В.ZhirkovaYu. V.

д.м.н., гл.н.с. того же отделения, проф. каф. детской анестезиологии и интенсивной терапии факультета усовершенствования врачей указанного университета

ШишкинаТ. Н.ShishkinaT. N.

асп. Научного центра здоровья детей РАМН 119991 Москва, Ломоносовский пр-т, д. 2, стр. 1

МихалевИ. А.MikhalevI. A.

врач- детский хирург того же отделения Чеботаева Лидия Игоревна — врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог того же отделения

АрсаА. В.ArsaA. V.

врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог того же отделения

ЧеботаеваЛ. И.ChebotaevaL. I.

врач-анестезиолог-реаниматолог того же отделения

НИИ детской хирургии Научного центра здоровья детей РАМН; Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова, МоскваРоссияResearch Institute of Pediatric Surgery, Research Centre of Children's Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow; N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, MoscowRussian FederationНИИ детской хирургии Научного центра здоровья детей РАМНРоссияResearch Institute of Pediatric Surgery, Research Centre of Children's Health, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, MoscowRussian Federation2014170320165961824Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20162016Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/273

Некротический энтероколит остается одной из главных причин заболеваемости и смертности преимущественно среди недоношенных детей с низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела. Процент новорожденных с некротическим энтероколитом за последние годы имеет тенденцию к увеличению, что связано с интенсивным развитием неонатологии и реаниматологии. Диагностика на ранних стадиях заболевания у маловесных детей крайне затруднена. Активное изучение наиболее значимых диагностических факторов на ранних этапах заболевания является одной из первых задач неонатологов. Рентгеновское исследование служит наиболее достоверным диагностическим методом при появлении клинической картины некротического энтероколита. При развитии хирургической стадии болезни процент летальности среди недоношенных с экстремально низкой массой тела резко возрастает. Выбор наиболее оптимального метода хирургического лечения у таких детей остается важной задачей детских хирургов.

Necrottzing enterocolitis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among low and extremely low birth weight premature infants. There has been a trend within recent years to increase the percentage of newborn babies with necrotizing enterocolitis, which is associated with the intensive development of neonatology and intensive care. It is extremely difficult to make the diagnosis in low birth weight infants in the early stages of the disease. To study actively the most important diagnostic factors in the early stages of the disease is one of the first tasks of neonatologists. X-ray examination is the most reliable diagnostic method when the clinical manifestations necrotizing enterocolitis appear. When the disease develops its surgical stage, mortality rate increases dramatically among extremely low birth weight premature infants. Choice of the best surgical treatment in these babies remains an important challenge faced by pediatric surgeons.

детинедоношенные с низкой и экстремально низкой массой теланекротический энтероколит.childrenlow and extremely low birth weight premature infantsnecrotizing enterocolitis.ReferencesГоловко O.K., Левицкая Е.М., Линчевский Г.Л. Особенности ведения новорожденных с некротизирующим энтероколитом. Архив клинической и экспериментальной медицины 2002; 11: 2: 241—244. (Golovko O.K., Levickaja E.M., Linchevskij G.L. Features of managment of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Arkhiv klinicheskoj i ehksperimental'noj meditsiny 2002; 11:2: 241—244.)Головко O.K., Левицкая Е.М., Линчевский Г.Л. Особенности ведения новорожденных с некротизирующим энтероколитом. Архив клинической и экспериментальной медицины 2002; 11: 2: 241—244. (Golovko O.K., Levickaja E.M., Linchevskij G.L. Features of managment of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Arkhiv klinicheskoj i ehksperimental'noj meditsiny 2002; 11:2: 241—244.)Parigi G B. Pathogenesis and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. Lecture. Dept. of Paediatric Surgery. University ofPaviaand«S.Matteo». Research Hospital: Pavia, 2010; 11.Parigi G B. Pathogenesis and treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis. Lecture. Dept. of Paediatric Surgery. University ofPaviaand«S.Matteo». Research Hospital: Pavia, 2010; 11.Farrugia M.K., Morgan A.S., McHugh К et al. Neonatal Gastrointestinal Perforation. Arch Dis Childh Fetal Neonatal Ed2003;88:l:75.Farrugia M.K., Morgan A.S., McHugh К et al. Neonatal Gastrointestinal Perforation. Arch Dis Childh Fetal Neonatal Ed2003;88:l:75.Караваева С.А. Диагностика и особенности клинического течения некротического энтероколита у детей. Вестн хир 2002; 4: 41—46. (Karavaeva SA. Diagnostics and features of clinical course of necrotizing enterocolitis in children. Vestnkhir2002;4:41-46.)Караваева С.А. Диагностика и особенности клинического течения некротического энтероколита у детей. Вестн хир 2002; 4: 41—46. (Karavaeva SA. Diagnostics and features of clinical course of necrotizing enterocolitis in children. Vestnkhir2002;4:41-46.)Пулин A.M. Язвенно-некротический энтероколит новорожденных. Мир медицины 2000; 10: 34—36. (Pulin A.M. Ulcero-necrotic enterocolitis in infants. Mir meditsiny 2000; 10: 34-36.)Пулин A.M. Язвенно-некротический энтероколит новорожденных. Мир медицины 2000; 10: 34—36. (Pulin A.M. Ulcero-necrotic enterocolitis in infants. Mir meditsiny 2000; 10: 34-36.)Ашкрафт К.У., Холдер Т.М. Детская хирургия. М 1996; 345-355 (Ashkraft K.U., Holder Т. М. Pediatric surgery. M 1996; 345—355.)Ашкрафт К.У., Холдер Т.М. Детская хирургия. М 1996; 345-355 (Ashkraft K.U., Holder Т. М. Pediatric surgery. M 1996; 345—355.)Федоров Д.А. Хирургическое лечение некротизирующе-го энтероколита у новорожденных с синдромом интра-абдоминальной гипертензии (экспериментально-клиническое исследование): Автореф. дисс. ... канд. мед. наук. Омск 2012; 23. (Fedorov D.A. Surgical management of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with intraabdominal compartment syndrome (experimental clinical research). Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Omsk 2012; 23.)Федоров Д.А. Хирургическое лечение некротизирующе-го энтероколита у новорожденных с синдромом интра-абдоминальной гипертензии (экспериментально-клиническое исследование): Автореф. дисс. ... канд. мед. наук. Омск 2012; 23. (Fedorov D.A. Surgical management of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants with intraabdominal compartment syndrome (experimental clinical research). Avtoref. dis. ... kand. med. nauk. Omsk 2012; 23.)Caplan M.S., Jilting T. The pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis. SeminPediatr Surg2005; 14: 3: 166—171.Caplan M.S., Jilting T. The pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis. SeminPediatr Surg2005; 14: 3: 166—171.Katheleen M., Moss L. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Clinics in perinatology2012; 387—401.Katheleen M., Moss L. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Clinics in perinatology2012; 387—401.Hsueh W., Caplan M.S. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: clinical considerations and pathogenetic concepts. Pediatr DevPathol 2003; 6: 1:6-23.Hsueh W., Caplan M.S. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: clinical considerations and pathogenetic concepts. Pediatr DevPathol 2003; 6: 1:6-23.Caplan M.S., MacKendrick W. Inflammatory mediators and intestinal injury. Clin Perinatol 1994; 21: 2: 235—246.Caplan M.S., MacKendrick W. Inflammatory mediators and intestinal injury. Clin Perinatol 1994; 21: 2: 235—246.Красовская Т.В., Кобзева Т.Н. Диагностика и интенсивная терапия в хирургии новорожденных. М: Мокеев 2001; 23—28. (Krasovskaja TV., Kobzeva T.N. Diagnostics and intensive care in pediatric surgery. M: Mokeev 2001; 23-28.)Красовская Т.В., Кобзева Т.Н. Диагностика и интенсивная терапия в хирургии новорожденных. М: Мокеев 2001; 23—28. (Krasovskaja TV., Kobzeva T.N. Diagnostics and intensive care in pediatric surgery. M: Mokeev 2001; 23-28.)Красовская Т.В, Кучеров Ю.И., Летинецкая О.Ю. Некротический энтероколит новорожденных. Лекция. М: РГМУ 2008; 18 (Krasovskaja TV, Kucherov J.I, Letineckaja OJ. Necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Lecture. M: RGMU 2008; 18.)Красовская Т.В, Кучеров Ю.И., Летинецкая О.Ю. Некротический энтероколит новорожденных. Лекция. М: РГМУ 2008; 18 (Krasovskaja TV, Kucherov J.I, Letineckaja OJ. Necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Lecture. M: RGMU 2008; 18.)Caplan M.S., MacKendrick W. Necrotizing enterocolitis: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms and implications for prevention. Pediatr Pathol 1993; 13: 3: 357—369.Caplan M.S., MacKendrick W. Necrotizing enterocolitis: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms and implications for prevention. Pediatr Pathol 1993; 13: 3: 357—369.KosloskeA.M. Surgeryofnecrotizingenterocolitis.WJ Surgery 1985; 9: 2: 227-284.KosloskeA.M. Surgeryofnecrotizingenterocolitis.WJ Surgery 1985; 9: 2: 227-284.Ситко Л.А., Чернышев А.К., Торопченко В.Н. и др. Критерии тяжести и прогноза некротизирующего энтероколита у новорожденных. Детская хирургия 2003; 6: 46—48. (Sitko L.A., Chernyshov A.K., Toropchenko V.N. et al. Criteria of severity and prognosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Detskaya khirurgiya 2003; 6: 46—48.)Ситко Л.А., Чернышев А.К., Торопченко В.Н. и др. Критерии тяжести и прогноза некротизирующего энтероколита у новорожденных. Детская хирургия 2003; 6: 46—48. (Sitko L.A., Chernyshov A.K., Toropchenko V.N. et al. Criteria of severity and prognosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Detskaya khirurgiya 2003; 6: 46—48.)Иванов В.В., Чевжик В.П., Черпалюк Е.А. Оперативная тактика при лечении энтероколита у новорожденных. Детская хирургия 2003; 6: 25—27. (Ivanov V.V., Chevzhik V.P., Cherpaljuk E.A. Surgical tactics ofnecrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Detskaya khirurgiya 2003; 6: 25—27.)Иванов В.В., Чевжик В.П., Черпалюк Е.А. Оперативная тактика при лечении энтероколита у новорожденных. Детская хирургия 2003; 6: 25—27. (Ivanov V.V., Chevzhik V.P., Cherpaljuk E.A. Surgical tactics ofnecrotizing enterocolitis in infants. Detskaya khirurgiya 2003; 6: 25—27.)Lee J.S., Polin R.A. Treatment and prevention ofnecrotizing enterocolitis. SeminNeonatol2003; 8: 6: 449—459.Lee J.S., Polin R.A. Treatment and prevention ofnecrotizing enterocolitis. SeminNeonatol2003; 8: 6: 449—459.Abdullah, F., Y. Zhang, M. Cam. et al. Necrotizing Enterocolitis in 20,822 Infants: Analysis of Medical and Surgical Treatments. Clinical Pediatrics 2010; 49: 2: 166—171.Abdullah, F., Y. Zhang, M. Cam. et al. Necrotizing Enterocolitis in 20,822 Infants: Analysis of Medical and Surgical Treatments. Clinical Pediatrics 2010; 49: 2: 166—171.Silva СТ., Daneman A., Navarro O.M. et al. Correlation of Sonographic Findings and Outcome in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Pediatric Radiology 2007; 37: 3: 274—282.Silva СТ., Daneman A., Navarro O.M. et al. Correlation of Sonographic Findings and Outcome in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Pediatric Radiology 2007; 37: 3: 274—282.Подкаменев А.В. Патогенез и лечение язвенно-некротического энтероколита и перфораций желудочно-кишечного тракта у новорожденных: Автореф. дисс.... д-ра мед. наук. Иркутск 2008; 46 (Podkamenev. A.V. Pathogenesis and treatment of ulcero-necrotic enterocolitis and perforations of gastrointestinal tract in infants. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. Irkutsk 2008; 46.)Подкаменев А.В. Патогенез и лечение язвенно-некротического энтероколита и перфораций желудочно-кишечного тракта у новорожденных: Автореф. дисс.... д-ра мед. наук. Иркутск 2008; 46 (Podkamenev. A.V. Pathogenesis and treatment of ulcero-necrotic enterocolitis and perforations of gastrointestinal tract in infants. Avtoref. dis. ... d-ra med. nauk. Irkutsk 2008; 46.)Shripada C.R., BasaniL., Simmer K. et al. Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial surgical treatment for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 6: 17.Shripada C.R., BasaniL., Simmer K. et al. Peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy as initial surgical treatment for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis or spontaneous intestinal perforation in preterm low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011; 6: 17.Musemeche C, Caplan M., Hsueh W. Experimental necrotizing enterocolitis: the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Pediatr Surg 1991; 26: 9: 1047 1049.Musemeche C, Caplan M., Hsueh W. Experimental necrotizing enterocolitis: the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils. J Pediatr Surg 1991; 26: 9: 1047 1049.Hallstrom, M., AM Koivisto, M. Janas. et al. Laboratory Parameters Predictive of Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants Born before 33 Weeks of Gestation. J Pediat Surg 2006; 41: 4: 792-798.Hallstrom, M., AM Koivisto, M. Janas. et al. Laboratory Parameters Predictive of Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Infants Born before 33 Weeks of Gestation. J Pediat Surg 2006; 41: 4: 792-798.ХворостовИ.Н., Дамиров О.Н., СмирновИ.Е. Кальпротек-тин и матриксные металлопротеиназы при язвенно-некротическом энтероколите у новорожденных детей. Рос педиатжурн 2013; 6: 37—43. (I.N. Hvorostov, O.N. Damirov, I.E. Smirnov. Calprotectin and matrix metalloproteinases in ulcero-necrotic enterocolitis in infants. Ros pediat zhurn 2013; 6: 37-43.)ХворостовИ.Н., Дамиров О.Н., СмирновИ.Е. Кальпротек-тин и матриксные металлопротеиназы при язвенно-некротическом энтероколите у новорожденных детей. Рос педиатжурн 2013; 6: 37—43. (I.N. Hvorostov, O.N. Damirov, I.E. Smirnov. Calprotectin and matrix metalloproteinases in ulcero-necrotic enterocolitis in infants. Ros pediat zhurn 2013; 6: 37-43.)NgP.C, ChanK.Y., Poon Т. С Biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis ofnecrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Perinatal 2013; 40: 1: 149—159.NgP.C, ChanK.Y., Poon Т. С Biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis ofnecrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Perinatal 2013; 40: 1: 149—159.Chu A., Caplan M.S. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Predictive Markers and Preventive Strategies. NeoReviews (Univ of Chicago) 2013; 3:14.Chu A., Caplan M.S. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Predictive Markers and Preventive Strategies. NeoReviews (Univ of Chicago) 2013; 3:14.Caplan M.S., Lickerman M., Adler L. The role of recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediat Res 1997; 42: 6: 779-783.Caplan M.S., Lickerman M., Adler L. The role of recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Pediat Res 1997; 42: 6: 779-783.Caplan M.S., Sun X.M., Hsueh W. Hypoxia, PAF, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Lipids 1991; 26: 12: 1340—1343.Caplan M.S., Sun X.M., Hsueh W. Hypoxia, PAF, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Lipids 1991; 26: 12: 1340—1343.Caplan M.S., Simon D., filling T. The role of PAF, TLR, and the inflammatory response in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediat Surg 2005; 14: 3: 145—151.Caplan M.S., Simon D., filling T. The role of PAF, TLR, and the inflammatory response in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Pediat Surg 2005; 14: 3: 145—151.Ewer A. K. Role of platelet-activating factor in the pathophysiologyEwer A. K. Role of platelet-activating factor in the pathophysiologyofnecrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediat Suppl 2002; 91: 437: 2-5.ofnecrotizing enterocolitis. Acta Paediat Suppl 2002; 91: 437: 2-5.MacHowatJ., KellPJ., O'NeillH.B. etal. Endothelial cell PAF synthesis following thrombin stimulation utilizes Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A 2. Biochemistry 2001; 40:49: 14921-14931.MacHowatJ., KellPJ., O'NeillH.B. etal. Endothelial cell PAF synthesis following thrombin stimulation utilizes Ca 2+ -independent phospholipase A 2. Biochemistry 2001; 40:49: 14921-14931.Montrucchio G., Bosco O., Del Sorbo L. Mechanisms of the priming effect of low doses of lipopolysaccharides on leukocyte-dependent platelet aggregation in whole blood. Thromb Haemost 2003; 90: 5: 872—881.Montrucchio G., Bosco O., Del Sorbo L. Mechanisms of the priming effect of low doses of lipopolysaccharides on leukocyte-dependent platelet aggregation in whole blood. Thromb Haemost 2003; 90: 5: 872—881.Rabinowitz S.S., Dzakpasu P., Piecuch S. Platelet-activating factor in infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediat 2001; 138: 1:81-86.Rabinowitz S.S., Dzakpasu P., Piecuch S. Platelet-activating factor in infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediat 2001; 138: 1:81-86.MakitaloL, RintamakiH, Tervahartiala T. etal. Serum MMPs 7—9 and their inhibitors during glucocorticoid and anti-TNF-a-therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47: 7: 785-794.MakitaloL, RintamakiH, Tervahartiala T. etal. Serum MMPs 7—9 and their inhibitors during glucocorticoid and anti-TNF-a-therapy in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2012; 47: 7: 785-794.Pender S.L., Braegger C, Gunther U. et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in necrotising enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 2003; 54: 2: 160-164.Pender S.L., Braegger C, Gunther U. et al. Matrix metalloproteinases in necrotising enterocolitis. Pediatr Res 2003; 54: 2: 160-164.Yazdan-Ashoori P., Liaw P., Toltl L. et al. Elevated plasma matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in patients with severe sepsis. J Crit Care 2011; 26: 6: 556—565.Yazdan-Ashoori P., Liaw P., Toltl L. et al. Elevated plasma matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in patients with severe sepsis. J Crit Care 2011; 26: 6: 556—565.Caccaro R., D'Inca R., Pathak S. et al. Clinical utility of calprotectin and lactoferrin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: is there something new from the literature? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8: 6: 579—585.Caccaro R., D'Inca R., Pathak S. et al. Clinical utility of calprotectin and lactoferrin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: is there something new from the literature? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8: 6: 579—585.Kostakis I.D., Cholidou K.G., Vaiopoulos A. et al. Fecal calprotectin in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58: 2: 309—319.Kostakis I.D., Cholidou K.G., Vaiopoulos A. et al. Fecal calprotectin in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review. Dig Dis Sci 2013; 58: 2: 309—319.Aydemir G., Cekmez, F., Tanju LA. et al. Increased fecal calprotectin in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Lab 2012; 58: 7—8: 841—844.Aydemir G., Cekmez, F., Tanju LA. et al. Increased fecal calprotectin in preterm infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Clin Lab 2012; 58: 7—8: 841—844.Yang Q., Smith P.B., Goldberg R.N. et al. Dynamic change of fecal calprotectin in very low birth weight infants during the first month of life. Neonatology 2008; 94: 4: 267—271.Yang Q., Smith P.B., Goldberg R.N. et al. Dynamic change of fecal calprotectin in very low birth weight infants during the first month of life. Neonatology 2008; 94: 4: 267—271.Henry M.C., Moss R.L. Current issues in the management of necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatal 2004; 28: 3: 221— 233.Henry M.C., Moss R.L. Current issues in the management of necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatal 2004; 28: 3: 221— 233.Hoenig J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Pocket NICU. 2nd ed. Chicago, 2006; 95.Hoenig J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Pocket NICU. 2nd ed. Chicago, 2006; 95.Wiswell Т.Е., Robertson C.F., Jones T.A. et al. Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Full-term Infants. A Case Control Study. Am J Dis Child 1988; 142: 5: 532-535.Wiswell Т.Е., Robertson C.F., Jones T.A. et al. Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Full-term Infants. A Case Control Study. Am J Dis Child 1988; 142: 5: 532-535.Akisu M., Baka M., Huseyinov A. The role of dietary supplementation with L-glutamine in inflammatory mediator release and intestinal injury in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced experimental necrotizing enterocolitis Ann Nutr Metab 2003; 47: 6: 262-266.Akisu M., Baka M., Huseyinov A. The role of dietary supplementation with L-glutamine in inflammatory mediator release and intestinal injury in hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced experimental necrotizing enterocolitis Ann Nutr Metab 2003; 47: 6: 262-266.Akisu M., BakaM., YalazM. Supplementation with Saccharo-myces boulardii ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in young mice. Eur J Pediat Surg 2003; 13: 5: 319-323.Akisu M., BakaM., YalazM. Supplementation with Saccharo-myces boulardii ameliorates hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in young mice. Eur J Pediat Surg 2003; 13: 5: 319-323.Caplan M.S., Jilting T. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in intestinal inflammation and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lipids 2001; 36: 9: 1053—1057.Caplan M.S., Jilting T. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in intestinal inflammation and neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. Lipids 2001; 36: 9: 1053—1057.Caplan M.S., Russell Т., Xiao Y. Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on intestinal inflammation and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal rat model. Pediat Res 2001; 49: 5: 647—652.Caplan M.S., Russell Т., Xiao Y. Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on intestinal inflammation and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in a neonatal rat model. Pediat Res 2001; 49: 5: 647—652.Kling K.M., Kirby L. Interleukin-10 inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in an animal model ofnecrotizing enterocolitis. Int. J. Surg. Investig. 1999; 1(4): 337-342.Kling K.M., Kirby L. Interleukin-10 inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in an animal model ofnecrotizing enterocolitis. Int. J. Surg. Investig. 1999; 1(4): 337-342.Miller M.J., McNeill H, Mullane K.M. et al. SOD prevents damage and attenuates eicosanoid release in a rabbit model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol 1988; 255: 5: 556-565.Miller M.J., McNeill H, Mullane K.M. et al. SOD prevents damage and attenuates eicosanoid release in a rabbit model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol 1988; 255: 5: 556-565.ReberK.M., Nankervis CA. Necrotizing enterocolitis: preven-tative strategies. Clin Perinatal 2004; 31: 1: 157—167.ReberK.M., Nankervis CA. Necrotizing enterocolitis: preven-tative strategies. Clin Perinatal 2004; 31: 1: 157—167.Gordon P.V., Swanson J.R., Attridge J.T. et al. Emerging Trends in Acquired Neonatal Intestinal Disease: Is It Time to Abandon Bell's Criteria? J Perinatol 2007; 27: 11: 661— 671.Gordon P.V., Swanson J.R., Attridge J.T. et al. Emerging Trends in Acquired Neonatal Intestinal Disease: Is It Time to Abandon Bell's Criteria? J Perinatol 2007; 27: 11: 661— 671.Salama H. da Silva O. Images in Clinical Medicine. Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. New Engl J Med 2001; 344: 108.Salama H. da Silva O. Images in Clinical Medicine. Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. New Engl J Med 2001; 344: 108.Moss. L. A meta-analysis of peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2001; 36: 8: 1210-1213.Moss. L. A meta-analysis of peritoneal drainage versus laparotomy for perforated necrotizing enterocolitis. J Pediatr Surg 2001; 36: 8: 1210-1213.Ricketts R.R. The role of paracentesis in the managementRicketts R.R. The role of paracentesis in the managementof infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Am Surg 1986; 52: 61-65.of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. Am Surg 1986; 52: 61-65.Horwitz, J.R. Complications after surgical intervention for necrotizing enterocolitis: a mul-ticenter review. J Ped Surg 1995; 30: 7: 994-999.Horwitz, J.R. Complications after surgical intervention for necrotizing enterocolitis: a mul-ticenter review. J Ped Surg 1995; 30: 7: 994-999.Морозов Д.А., Филиппов Ю.В., Городков СЮ. Синдром интраабдоминальной гипертензии. Вестник хирургии 2011; 1: 97-101. (MorozovD.A., FilippovY.V, Gorodkov S.Y. Intraabdominal compartment syndrom. Vestnik khirurgii 2011; 1:97-101.Морозов Д.А., Филиппов Ю.В., Городков СЮ. Синдром интраабдоминальной гипертензии. Вестник хирургии 2011; 1: 97-101. (MorozovD.A., FilippovY.V, Gorodkov S.Y. Intraabdominal compartment syndrom. Vestnik khirurgii 2011; 1:97-101.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.