perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-4-43-48perinatology-351Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSСоки в питании ребенка и взрослого человека: значение для здоровьяJuices in the diet of a child and an adult: Their significance for healthБельмерС. В.BelmerS. V.

д.м.н., проф. кафедры госпитальной педиатрии № 2 РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова 117513 Москва, Ленинский пр-т, д. 117

ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РФ, МоскваРоссияN.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, MoscowRussian Federation2016060920166144348Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20162016Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/351

Соки имеют большое значение в системе рационального питания человека с первых лет его жизни. В соответствии с общепринятыми рекомендациями их вводят в питание ребенка не ранее 4‑месячного возраста, обычно после первых продуктов прикорма. Соки обеспечивают организм ребенка необходимыми макро- и микронутриентами, способствуют адаптации ребенка к новому характеру питания, играют важную роль в формировании вкусовых предпочтений и пищевом программировании. Соки являются источником витаминов (в первую очередь витамина C), некоторых минералов (железо), пищевых волокон, воды. В то же время соки содержат значительное число других важных для организма человека органических компонентах, например полифенолов, которые являются важным компонентом продуктов растительного происхождения. Они содержатся в овощах и фруктах как свежих, так и в виде напитков. К полифенолам относятся феноловая кислота, а также флавоноиды: флавонолы (катехины и проантоцианидины), антоцианины и др. Фруктовые соки в своем составе в среднем содержат 34 мг/100 мл полифенолов, а томатный сок — 69 мг/100 мл. Полифенолы играют важнейшую роль в механизмах антиоксидантной защиты организма. В долговременном аспекте показаны их антиатерогенный эффект (снижение риска инфаркта миокарда) и антиканцерогенные эффекты (снижение риска рака легких, прямой кишки).

Juices are of great importance in human rational nutrition during the first years of life. In accordance with the generally accepted recommendations, they are introduced into the infant diet no earlier than 4 months of age, usually after the first complementary foods. Juices provide essential macro- and micronutrients for the infant, promote his/her adaptation to a new eating pattern, and play an important role in the formation of taste preferences and food programming. Juices are a source of vitamins (primarily vitamin C), some minerals (iron), fibers, and water. At the same time, juices contain significant amount of other organic compounds important for the human body, such as polyphenols that are an important component of plant products. They are present in vegetables and fruits, both fresh foods and drinks. Polyphenols include phenolic acid and flavonoids: flavonols (catechins and proanthocyanidines), anthocyanins, etc. Fruit juices contain an average of 34 mg/ 100 ml polyphenols and tomato juice does 69 mg/100 ml. Polyphenols play the most important role in the body’s antioxidant defense mechanisms. Their anti-atherogenic and anti-cancer effects (reducing the risk of myocardial infarction and that of lung and rectal cancers) are shown in the long term.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.