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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-5-34-41</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-377</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>НАСЛЕДСТВЕННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HEREDITARY DISEASES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм диагностики Х-сцепленных форм умственной отсталости у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An algorithm for the diagnosis of X-linked intellectual disability in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воинова</surname><given-names>В. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voinova</surname><given-names>V. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>отдел психоневрологии и наследственных заболеваний</p><p>д.м.н., вед. н. сотр. </p><p>кафедра нейро- и патопсихологии развития </p><p>проф. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ворсанова</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorsanova</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория молекулярной цитогенетики нервно-психических заболеваний </p><p>д.б.н., проф., рук. </p><p>125412 Москва, ул.Талдомская, д. 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>Ю. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurov</surname><given-names>Yu. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория цитогенетики и геномики </p><p>д.б.н., проф., рук. </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Юров</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yurov</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборатория молекулярной генетики мозга науч. ц. п. з.</p><p>д.б.н., проф., рук.</p><p>кафедры медицинской генетики </p><p>проф. </p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России», Москва; &#13;
ГБОУ ВПО «Московский государственный психолого- педагогический университет», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician Yu.E. Veltishchev Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow; &#13;
Moscow State University of Psychology and Pedagogy, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии им. Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава России», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician Yu.E. Veltishchev Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАН, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научный центр психического здоровья» РАН, Москва; &#13;
ГБОУ «Российская медицинская академия постдипломного образования», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mental Health Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; &#13;
Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/377">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/377</self-uri><abstract><p>Х-сцепленная умственная отсталость — клинически и генетически гетерогенная группа наследственных заболеваний, обусловленных мутациями, локализованными на хромосоме Х, приводящими к нарушению интеллектуального развития. В работе впервые определен удельный вес (6,54%) Х-сцепленных заболеваний в структуре умственной отсталости у детей. Разработана система количественной оценки тяжести клинических проявлений при синдромах ломкой хромосомы Х и Ретта. Научно обоснована система прогнозирования тяжести клинических проявлений X-сцепленных форм умственной отсталости, основанная на анализе влияния генетических и эпигенетических факторов (типа и положения мутации, инактивации хромосомы Х). Определен вклад неслучайной Х-инактивации в клинический полиморфизм различных форм Х-сцепленной умственной отсталости, установлена ее роль как значимого диагностического маркера патологии. Показано, что исследование инактивации хромосомы Х позволяет выявлять асимптоматических носительниц Х-сцепленных мутаций для медико-генетического консультирования семей. Разработан алгоритм диагностики Х-сцепленной умственной отсталости среди недифференцированных форм нарушений психического развития детей. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of hereditary diseases caused by mutations on the X chromosome, which lead to impaired intellectual development. The paper determines for the first time the proportion of X-linked diseases (6.54%) in the pattern of intellectual disability in children. A system has been developed to quantify the clinical severity of fragile X mental retardation syndrome and Rett syndrome. A system has been scientifically justified to predict the clinical severity, which is based on an analysis of the impact of genetic and epigenetic factors (mutation type and location, X chromosome inactivation). The authors have determined the contribution of nonrandom X inactivation to the clinical polymorphism of various forms of XLID and established its role as an important diagnostic marker for pathology. It is shown that the study of X chromosome inactivation can identify asymptomatic female carriers of X-linked mutations to provide medical genetic counseling to families. An algorithm has been elaborated to diagnose XLID among the undifferentiated forms of mental developmental abnormalities in children. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>Х-сцепленная умственная отсталость</kwd><kwd>синдром умственной отсталости</kwd><kwd>сцепленной с ломкой хромосомой Х</kwd><kwd>синдром Ретта</kwd><kwd>инактивация хромосомы Х</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>X-linked intellectual disability</kwd><kwd>fragile X mental retardation syndrome</kwd><kwd>Rett syndrome</kwd><kwd>X chromosome inactivation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiurazzi P., Hamel B.C., Neri G. XLID-genes: update 2000. Eur J Hum Genet 2001; 9: 71–78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiurazzi P., Hamel B.C., Neri G. XLID-genes: update 2000. 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