perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-1-40-46perinatology-450Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSСпорт и внезапная смерть у детейSport and sudden death in childrenМакаровЛ. М.MakarovL. M.

д.м.н., проф., рук. Центра синкопальных состояний и сердечных аритмий у детей и подростков ФМБА России 115409 Москва, ул. Москворечье, д. 20

leonidmakarov@yahoo.comЦентр синкопальных состояний и сердечных аритмий у детей и подростков ФМБА России Центральная детская клиническая больница ФМБА РоссииРоссияCenter for Syncope and Cardiac Arrhythmias in Children and Adolescents, Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, Moscow Central Children’s Clinical Hospital, Federal Biomedical Agency of RussiaRussian Federation2017060420176214046Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20172017Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/450

Освещены данные о современных взглядах на распространенность, причины, обстоятельства, меры профилактики внезапной сердечной смерти у детей и подростков при занятиях спортом. Отмечена трудность определения эпидемиологии указанного нарушения, так как данные преимущественно базируются на сведениях средств массовой информации. Частота внезапной сердечной смерти составляет примерно 1: 100 000 юных спортсменов, более чем в 90% случаев страдают мальчики. Виды спорта, при занятии которыми чаще происходит внезапная сердечная смерть, – футбол (как американский, так и европейский), баскетбол, хоккей. Отдельно рассматривается внезапная сердечная смерть вследствие cоmmоtio cordis – развитие жизнеугрожающих аритмий сердца при ударе тупым предметом в область сердца в уязвимую фазу сердечного цикла. У внезапно погибших во время занятия спортом детей чаще всего выявляют гипертрофическую кардиомиопатию, миокардит, но более чем в 50% случаев на вскрытии не обнаруживают изменений, что указывает на первично аритмогенную смерть. В основе профилактики лежит раннее выявление заболеваний с риском внезапной смерти во время занятий спортом, регулярное обследование, знание особенностей ЭКГ у спортсменов, приемов оказания первой помощи, в том числе использования автоматических наружных дефибрилляторов.

The article presents data on contemporary views of the prevalence, causes, circumstances of sudden cardiac death, and its prevention measures in children and adolescents during sports activity. It notes a difficulty in defining the epidemiology of the above condition because the data are primarily based upon mass media news coverage. The incidence of sudden cardiac death is approximately 1 per 100,000 young athletes; more than 90% boys die. The sports, during which sudden cardiac death often occurs, include (both American and European) football, basketball, and hockey. Sudden cardiac death due to cоmmоtio cordis (life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias resulting from a blow with a blunt instrument to the area of the heart during the vulnerable phase of the cardiac cycle) is considered separately. Children who die suddenly during sports are frequently detected to have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or myocarditis; but no changes are found in more than 50% of cases at autopsy, which is suggestive of primary arrhythmogenic death. The basis for prevention is the early detection of diseases that can cause sudden death during sports, regular examination, knowledge of ECG characteristics in athletes, and first aid techniques, including the use of automated external defibrillators.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.