<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-1-60-68</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-453</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КАРДИОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CARDIOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритм топической электрокардиографической диагностики желудочковых аритмий у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>An algorithm for topical electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеева</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseeva</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>детский кардиолог клинико-реабилитационного отделения Детского научно-практического центра нарушений сердечного ритма НИКИ педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Школьникова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkolnikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., рук. Детского научно-практического центра нарушений сердечного ритма, научн. рук. НИКИ педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Березницкая</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bereznitskaya</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., зав. клинико-реабилитационным отделением Детского научно-практического центра нарушений сердечного ритма НИКИ педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Термосесов</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Termosesov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. отделением хирургического лечения сложных нарушений ритма и электрокардиостимуляции Детского научно-практического центра нарушений сердечного ритма НИКИ педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ковалев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., рук. отдела детской кардиологии и аритмологии НИКИ педиатрии им. академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева 125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, д.2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ОСП «Научно-исследовательский клинический институт педиатрии имени академика Ю.Е. Вельтищева» ФГБОУ ВО РНИМУ им. Н.И. Пирогова Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician Yu.E. Veltishchev Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>04</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>60</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/453">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/453</self-uri><abstract><p>Для создания алгоритма топической диагностики проведен анализ поверхностной ЭКГ 243 детей (из них 139 мальчиков) с желудочковой аритмией. Возраст детей составил от 5 до 17 лет (средний возраст 13,4±3,1 года). Выявленные ЭКГ-особенности были сопоставлены с результатами эндокардиального картирования и радиочастотной абляции. На основании наиболее информативных критериев разработан алгоритм ЭКГ-диагностики желудочковых аритмий у детей, позволяющий определить локализацию очага аритмии до проведения интервенционного лечения. Наиболее информативными ЭКГ-характеристиками для топической диагностики желудочковых аритмий у детей являлись: морфология QRS комплекса в V1 отведении и длительность QRS комплекса в V2 отведении. В качестве дополнительных характеристик предложено использовать: морфологию QRS комплекса в I отведении, длительность QRS комплекса во II отведении, амплитуду зубца R в III отведении и соотношение амплитуд зубцов R/S в V3 отведении. Алгоритм ЭКГ-диагностики желудочковых аритмий у детей позволяет с точностью до 90 % предположить локализацию аритмогенного очага и проводить направленное эндокардиальное картирование, что уменьшает длительность процедуры радиочастотной абляции и обеспечивает снижение рентгенологической нагрузки на ребенка и персонал.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To develop a topical diagnostic algorithm, the authors analyzed surface ECG in 243 children, including 139 boys, with ventricular arrhythmia. The children’s age was 5 to 17 years (mean 13.4±3.1 years). The found ECG features were compared with the results of endocardial mapping and radiofrequency ablation. Based on the most informative criteria, the authors developed an algorithm for the ECG diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias in children, which could locate the arrhythmia focus prior to interventional treatment. The most informative electrocardiographic characteristics for the topical diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias in children were the morphology of the QRS complex in lead V1 and its duration in lead V2. The morphology of the QRS complex in lead I, its duration in lead II, the amplitude of the R wave in lead III, and the ratio of R/S wave amplitudes in lead V3 were proposed to be used as additional characteristics. The algorithm for the ECG diagnosis of ventricular arrhythmias in children makes it possible to assume the localization of the arrhythmogenic focus with an accuracy of 90% and to carry out a directed endocardial mapping, which reduces the duration of radiofrequency ablation and the radiological burden sustained by the child and the staff.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>желудочковая аритмия</kwd><kwd>электрокардиография</kwd><kwd>внутрисердечное электрофизиологическое исследование</kwd><kwd>радиочастотная абляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>ventricular arrhythmia</kwd><kwd>electrocardiography</kwd><kwd>intracardiac electrophysiological examination</kwd><kwd>radiofrequency ablation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревишвили А.Ш., Ардашев А.В., Кочович Д.З. Желудочковые аритмии. М.: МЕДПРАКТИКА-М 2002; 272. [Revishvili A. Sh., Ardashev A.V., Kocho-vich D.Z. Ventricular arrhythmias. Moscow: MEDPRAKTIKA-M 2002; 272(inRuss)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ревишвили А.Ш., Ардашев А.В., Кочович Д.З. Желудочковые аритмии. М.: МЕДПРАКТИКА-М 2002; 272. [Revishvili A. Sh., Ardashev A.V., Kocho-vich D.Z. Ventricular arrhythmias. Moscow: MEDPRAKTIKA-M 2002; 272(inRuss)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ардашев А.В. Клиническая аритмология. М: МЕДПРАКТИКА-М 2009; 157. [Ardashev A.V. Сlinical Arrhythmology. Moscow: MEDPRAKTIKA-M 2009;157(inRuss)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ардашев А.В. Клиническая аритмология. М: МЕДПРАКТИКА-М 2009; 157. [Ardashev A.V. Сlinical Arrhythmology. Moscow: MEDPRAKTIKA-M 2009;157(inRuss)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamakura S., Shimizu W., Matsuo K., Taguchi A., Suyama K., Kurita T. et al. Localization of optimal ablation site of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia from and left ventricular outflow tract by body surface EGG. Circulation 1998; (98): 1525–1533.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamakura S., Shimizu W., Matsuo K., Taguchi A., Suyama K., Kurita T. et al. Localization of optimal ablation site of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia from and left ventricular outflow tract by body surface EGG. Circulation 1998; (98): 1525–1533.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shima T., Ohnishi H., Inoue T., Yoshida A., Shimizu H., Itagaki J. et al. The relation between pacing sites in the right ventricular outflow tract and QRS morphology in the 12-lead EGG. Jpn Circ J 1998; (62): 399–404.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shima T., Ohnishi H., Inoue T., Yoshida A., Shimizu H., Itagaki J. et al. The relation between pacing sites in the right ventricular outflow tract and QRS morphology in the 12-lead EGG. Jpn Circ J 1998; (62): 399–404.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dixit S., Gerstenfeld E.P., Callans D.J., Marchlinski F.E. Electrocardiographic patterns of superior right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia: distinguishing septal and free-wall sites of origin. J Cardiovasc Electrophisiol 2003; (14): 1–7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dixit S., Gerstenfeld E.P., Callans D.J., Marchlinski F.E. Electrocardiographic patterns of superior right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia: distinguishing septal and free-wall sites of origin. J Cardiovasc Electrophisiol 2003; (14): 1–7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вайнштейн А.Б., Яшин С.М., Думпис Я. Ю., Шубик Ю.В. Электрокардиографическая топическая диагностика некоронарогенных правожелудочковых аритмий. Вестн аритмол 2003; (34): 11–17. [Vainshtein A.B., Yashin S.M., Dumpis Ya.Yu., Shubik Yu.V. Electrocardiographic topic diagnostics of non-coronarogenic right ventricular arrhythmias. Vestn Aritmol 2003; (34): 11–17. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вайнштейн А.Б., Яшин С.М., Думпис Я. Ю., Шубик Ю.В. Электрокардиографическая топическая диагностика некоронарогенных правожелудочковых аритмий. Вестн аритмол 2003; (34): 11–17. [Vainshtein A.B., Yashin S.M., Dumpis Ya.Yu., Shubik Yu.V. Electrocardiographic topic diagnostics of non-coronarogenic right ventricular arrhythmias. Vestn Aritmol 2003; (34): 11–17. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревишвили А.Ш., Рзаев Ф.Г., Снегур Р.Ю., Лабарткава Е.З. Алгоритм топической диагностики правожелудочковых аритмий. Вестн аритмол 2007; (46): 5–11. [Revishvili A.Sh., Rzaev F.G., Snegur R.Yu., Labartkava E.Z. Algorithm of topical diagnostics of right- ventricular arrhythmias. Vestn Aritmol2007; (46): 5–11. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ревишвили А.Ш., Рзаев Ф.Г., Снегур Р.Ю., Лабарткава Е.З. Алгоритм топической диагностики правожелудочковых аритмий. Вестн аритмол 2007; (46): 5–11. [Revishvili A.Sh., Rzaev F.G., Snegur R.Yu., Labartkava E.Z. Algorithm of topical diagnostics of right- ventricular arrhythmias. Vestn Aritmol2007; (46): 5–11. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ouyang F., Fotuhi P., Ho SY., Hebe J., Volkmer M., Goya M. et al. Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the aortic sinus cusp: electrocardiographic characterization for guiding catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: (3): 500–508.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ouyang F., Fotuhi P., Ho SY., Hebe J., Volkmer M., Goya M. et al. Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia originating from the aortic sinus cusp: electrocardiographic characterization for guiding catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39: (3): 500–508.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bei Ge., Kang-Ting Ji., Hai-Ge Ye., Jia Li., Yue-Chun Li., Ri-Peng Yin., Jia-Feng Lin. Electrocardiogram features of premature ventricular contractions/ventricular tachycardia originating from the left ventricular outflow tract and the treatment outcome of radiofrequency catheter ablation. Cardiovascular Dis 2012; 12: 112.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bei Ge., Kang-Ting Ji., Hai-Ge Ye., Jia Li., Yue-Chun Li., Ri-Peng Yin., Jia-Feng Lin. Electrocardiogram features of premature ventricular contractions/ventricular tachycardia originating from the left ventricular outflow tract and the treatment outcome of radiofrequency catheter ablation. Cardiovascular Dis 2012; 12: 112.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ito S., Tada H., Naito S., Kurosaki K., Ueda M., Hosizaki H. et al. Development and validation of an ECG algorithm for identifying the optimal ablation site for idiopathic ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14: 1280.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ito S., Tada H., Naito S., Kurosaki K., Ueda M., Hosizaki H. et al. Development and validation of an ECG algorithm for identifying the optimal ablation site for idiopathic ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2003; 14: 1280.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Чернышов А.А. Идиопатические желудочковые аритмии у детей и подростков: клинико-функциональная характеристика и результаты лечения: Автореф. дисс.… к.м.н. Томск, 2011; 13. [Chernishov A.A. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias in children and adolescents: clinical characteristics and treatment results. Avtoref. diss. k.m.n. Tomsk, 2011; 13. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Чернышов А.А. Идиопатические желудочковые аритмии у детей и подростков: клинико-функциональная характеристика и результаты лечения: Автореф. дисс.… к.м.н. Томск, 2011; 13. [Chernishov A.A. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias in children and adolescents: clinical characteristics and treatment results. Avtoref. diss. k.m.n. Tomsk, 2011; 13. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Школьникова М.А., Березницкая В.В. Диагностика и медикаментозное лечение желудочковых экстрасистолий у детей. Рос вестн перинатол и педиатр 2008; (2): 60–67. [Shkolnikova M.A., Bereznitskaya V.V. Diagnosis and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in the child. Ros Vestn Perinatol i Pediatr 2008; (2): 60–67. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Школьникова М.А., Березницкая В.В. Диагностика и медикаментозное лечение желудочковых экстрасистолий у детей. Рос вестн перинатол и педиатр 2008; (2): 60–67. [Shkolnikova M.A., Bereznitskaya V.V. Diagnosis and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in the child. Ros Vestn Perinatol i Pediatr 2008; (2): 60–67. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenbaum M.B. Classification of ventricular extrasystoles according to form. J Electrocardiol 1969; (2): 289–297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenbaum M.B. Classification of ventricular extrasystoles according to form. J Electrocardiol 1969; (2): 289–297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Josephson M.E., Horowitz L.N., Waxman H.L., Cain M.E., Spielman S.R., Greenspan A.M. et al. Sustained ventricular tachycardia: role of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in localizing site of origin. Circulation 1981; (64): 257–272.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Josephson M.E., Horowitz L.N., Waxman H.L., Cain M.E., Spielman S.R., Greenspan A.M. et al. Sustained ventricular tachycardia: role of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in localizing site of origin. Circulation 1981; (64): 257–272.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuchar D.L., Ruskin J.N., Geran H. Electrocardiographic localization of the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Int J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; (13): 893–903.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuchar D.L., Ruskin J.N., Geran H. Electrocardiographic localization of the site of origin of ventricular tachycardia in patients with prior myocardial infarction. Int J Am Coll Cardiol 1989; (13): 893–903.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jadonath R.L., Schwartzman D., Preminger M.W., Gottlieb C.D., Marchlinski F.E. Utility of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in localizing the origin of right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. Am Heart J 1995; (130): 1107–1113.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jadonath R.L., Schwartzman D., Preminger M.W., Gottlieb C.D., Marchlinski F.E. Utility of the 12-lead electrocardiogram in localizing the origin of right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. Am Heart J 1995; (130): 1107–1113.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревишвили А.Ш., Носкова М.В., Рзаев Ф.Г., Артюхина Е.А. Неинвазивная топическая диагностика некоронарогенных желудочковых аритмий. Вестник аритмологии 2004; (35): 5–15. [Revishvili A.Sh., Noskova M.V., Rzaev F.G., Artyukhina E.A. Non-invasive topical diagnostics of non-coronarogenic ventricular arrhythmias. Vestnik Aritmologii 2004; (35): 5–15. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ревишвили А.Ш., Носкова М.В., Рзаев Ф.Г., Артюхина Е.А. Неинвазивная топическая диагностика некоронарогенных желудочковых аритмий. Вестник аритмологии 2004; (35): 5–15. [Revishvili A.Sh., Noskova M.V., Rzaev F.G., Artyukhina E.A. Non-invasive topical diagnostics of non-coronarogenic ventricular arrhythmias. Vestnik Aritmologii 2004; (35): 5–15. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hachiya H., Aonuma K., Yamauchi Y., Harada T., Igawa M., Nogami A. et al. Electrocardiographic characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2000; (23): 1930–1934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hachiya H., Aonuma K., Yamauchi Y., Harada T., Igawa M., Nogami A. et al. Electrocardiographic characteristics of left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2000; (23): 1930–1934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yamada T. Electrocardiographic Algorithms to Localize the Origins of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 2012; (35): 1514–1515.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yamada T. Electrocardiographic Algorithms to Localize the Origins of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology 2012; (35): 1514–1515.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Callans D.J., Menz V., Schwartzman D., Gottlieb C.D., Marchlinski F.E. Repetitive monomorphic tachycardia from the left ventricular outflow tract: Electrocardiographic patterns consistent with a left ventricular site of origin. J Am Coil Cardiol 1997; (29): 1023– 1027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Callans D.J., Menz V., Schwartzman D., Gottlieb C.D., Marchlinski F.E. Repetitive monomorphic tachycardia from the left ventricular outflow tract: Electrocardiographic patterns consistent with a left ventricular site of origin. J Am Coil Cardiol 1997; (29): 1023– 1027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shimoike E., Ohnishi Y., Ueda N., Maruyama T., Kaji Y. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia from the Coronary Cusp: A new approach to the tachycardia focus. J Cardiovascul Electrophysiol 1999; 10: (7): 1005–1009.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shimoike E., Ohnishi Y., Ueda N., Maruyama T., Kaji Y. Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation of Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia from the Coronary Cusp: A new approach to the tachycardia focus. J Cardiovascul Electrophysiol 1999; 10: (7): 1005–1009.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bala R., Garcia F.C., Hutchinson M.D., Gerstenfeld E.P., Dhruvakumar S., Dixit S. et al. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the right/left coronary cusp commissure. Heart Rhythm 2010; (7): 312–322.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bala R., Garcia F.C., Hutchinson M.D., Gerstenfeld E.P., Dhruvakumar S., Dixit S. et al. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic features of ventricular arrhythmias originating from the right/left coronary cusp commissure. Heart Rhythm 2010; (7): 312–322.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
