<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-2-99-103</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБМЕН ОПЫТОМ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SHARING EXPERIENCES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обеспеченность витамином D детей разных возрастных групп в зимний период</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vitamin D provision in children of different age groups during the winter season</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф. кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней и факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета,</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Закирова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakirova</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры пропедевтики детских болезней и факультетской педиатрии с курсом детских болезней лечебного факультета,</p><p>420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мансурова</surname><given-names>Г. Ш.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mansurova</surname><given-names>G. Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., доцент кафедры неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии,</p><p>420012 Казань, ул. Карла Маркса, д. 74</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kazan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>05</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>99</fpage><lpage>103</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/481">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/481</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены современные данные о биологической роли витамина D в организме человека, путях его метаболизма и возможных нарушениях, приводящих к снижению обеспеченности.</p><p>Цель исследования: определить обеспеченность витамином D детей г. Казани в зимний период года. Обследованы 309 детей, в  том числе 171 ребенок в возрасте от  1 мес до  3 лет и  138 детей от  6 до  18 лет. Определение 25 (ОН) D в сыворотке крови проводили методом хемилюминесцентного иммуноанализа в OОО «Научный центр ЭФиС» (г. Москва). У детей раннего возраста (до 3 лет) средние значения 25(ОН)D составили 18,2±1,0 нг/мл, причем лишь у 14,8% пациентов выявлены нормативные показатели 25(ОН)D (более 30 нг/мл), остальные имели недостаточность или дефицит метаболита витамина D. У 11,2% школьников уровень витамина D в зимнее время соответствовал нормальным значениям, 122 (88,8%) ребенка в зимнее время имели сниженный уровень витамина D, причем у 33 (24%) детей обеспеченность была на уровне дефицита (менее 10 нг/мл). Полученные данные свидетельствуют о необходимости назначения витамина D всем детям в возрасте до 18 лет в зимне-осенний период. Рекомендуется определение исходного уровня метаболита и назначение соответствующей этому уровню дозы витамина D. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper gives an update on the biological role of vitamin D in the human body, its metabolic pathways, and potential abnormalities resulting in reduced provision.</p><p>Objective: to determine vitamin D provision in the children of Kazan during the winter season.</p><p>Examinations were made in 309 children, including 171 infants aged 1 month to 3 years and 138 children 6 to 18 years of age. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay at the EFiS Research Center (Moscow). In infants under 3 years of age, the mean 25(OH)D values were 18,2±1,0 ng/ml, while only 14,8% of the patients were found to have normal 25(OH) D values of (more than 30 ng/ml) and the rest had vitamin D metabolite insufficiency or deficiency. The winter vitamin D level was consistent with the normal ones in 11,2% of the schoolers, lower in 122 (88,8%) children; the provision of vitamin D was at its deficiency level (less than 10 ng/ml) in 33 (24%) children. The findings suggest that it is necessary to prescribe vitamin D for all children under the age of 18 during winter and autumn. It is best to determine the initial level of the metabolite and to use its dose corresponding to that of vitamin D. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>обеспеченность витамином D</kwd><kwd>уровень 25(ОН)D</kwd><kwd>недостаточность</kwd><kwd>дефицит</kwd><kwd>инсоляция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>vitamin D provision</kwd><kwd>25(OH)D level</kwd><kwd>insufficiency</kwd><kwd>deficiency</kwd><kwd>insolation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holick M.F. High prevalence of vitamin D inadecuacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81: 353–373.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holick M.F. High prevalence of vitamin D inadecuacy and implications for health. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81: 353–373.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Спиричев В.Б. О биологических эффектах витамина D. Педиатрия 2011; 90(6): 113–119. [Spirichev V.B. On the biological effects of vitamin D. Pediatrija 2011; 90(6): 113–119. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Спиричев В.Б. О биологических эффектах витамина D. Педиатрия 2011; 90(6): 113–119. [Spirichev V.B. On the biological effects of vitamin D. Pediatrija 2011; 90(6): 113–119. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wacker M., Holick M.F. Vitamin D-effects on skeletal and extra skeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients 2013; 5(1): 111–148. DOI: 10.3390/nu5010111.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wacker M., Holick M.F. Vitamin D-effects on skeletal and extra skeletal health and the need for supplementation. Nutrients 2013; 5(1): 111–148. DOI: 10.3390/nu5010111.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baeke F., Takiishi T., Korf H., Gysemans C., Mathieu C. Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010; 10(4): 482–496. DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baeke F., Takiishi T., Korf H., Gysemans C., Mathieu C. Vitamin D: modulator of the immune system. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2010; 10(4): 482–496. DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.04.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gupta V. Vitamin D: Extra-skeletal effects. J Med Nutr Nutraceut 2012; 1: 17–26.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gupta V. Vitamin D: Extra-skeletal effects. J Med Nutr Nutraceut 2012; 1: 17–26.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мальцев С.В., Мансурова Г.Ш. Метаболизм витамина D и пути реализации его основных функций. Практическая медицина 2014; 9(85): 12–19. [Malcev S.V., Mansurova G.Sh. The metabolism of vitamin D and the realization of its main functions. Practical medicine Prakticheskaja medicina 2014; 9(85): 12–19. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Мальцев С.В., Мансурова Г.Ш. Метаболизм витамина D и пути реализации его основных функций. Практическая медицина 2014; 9(85): 12–19. [Malcev S.V., Mansurova G.Sh. The metabolism of vitamin D and the realization of its main functions. Practical medicine Prakticheskaja medicina 2014; 9(85): 12–19. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н. Результаты многоцентрового исследования «РОДНИЧОК» по изучению недостаточности витамина D у детей раннего возраста в России. Педиатрия 2015; 1: 62–70. [Zaharova I.N. Results of a multicenter study «RODNICHOK» in the study of vitamin D deficiency in young children in Russia. Pediatrija 2015; 1: 62–70. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захарова И.Н. Результаты многоцентрового исследования «РОДНИЧОК» по изучению недостаточности витамина D у детей раннего возраста в России. Педиатрия 2015; 1: 62–70. [Zaharova I.N. Results of a multicenter study «RODNICHOK» in the study of vitamin D deficiency in young children in Russia. Pediatrija 2015; 1: 62–70. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosworth C.R., Levin G., Robinson-Cohen C., Hoofnagle A.N., Ruzinski J., Young B. et al. The serum 24, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D concentration, a marker of vitamin D catabolism, is reduced in chronic kidney disease. Kid Int 2012; 82: 693–700. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.193.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosworth C.R., Levin G., Robinson-Cohen C., Hoofnagle A.N., Ruzinski J., Young B. et al. The serum 24, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D concentration, a marker of vitamin D catabolism, is reduced in chronic kidney disease. Kid Int 2012; 82: 693–700. DOI: 10.1038/ki.2012.193.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwalfenberg G.K. A review of the critical role of vitamin D in the functioning of the immune system and the clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55(1): 96–108. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwalfenberg G.K. A review of the critical role of vitamin D in the functioning of the immune system and the clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55(1): 96–108. DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carter G.D., Phinney K.W. Assessing Vitamin D Status: Time for a Rethink? Clinical Chemistry 2014; 60(6): 809–811. DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.219386</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carter G.D., Phinney K.W. Assessing Vitamin D Status: Time for a Rethink? Clinical Chemistry 2014; 60(6): 809–811. DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2013.219386</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Громова О.А. Что нужно знать педиатру о витамине D: Новые данные о диагностике и коррекции его недостаточности в организме. Педиатрия 2015; 94(6): 1–7. [Zaharova I.N., Gromova O.A. What you need to know the pediatrician about vitamin D: New data on the diagnosis and correction of its deficiency in the body. Pediatrija 2015; 94(6): 1–7.(in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захарова И.Н., Громова О.А. Что нужно знать педиатру о витамине D: Новые данные о диагностике и коррекции его недостаточности в организме. Педиатрия 2015; 94(6): 1–7. [Zaharova I.N., Gromova O.A. What you need to know the pediatrician about vitamin D: New data on the diagnosis and correction of its deficiency in the body. Pediatrija 2015; 94(6): 1–7.(in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen T.C., Chimech F., Lu Z., Mathieu J., Holick MF. Factiors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 460(2): 213–217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen T.C., Chimech F., Lu Z., Mathieu J., Holick MF. Factiors that influence the cutaneous synthesis and dietary sources of vitamin D. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 460(2): 213–217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И.Н., Мальцев С.В., Боровик Т.Э., Яцык Г.В., Малявская С.И., Вахлова И.В., Шуматова Т.А., Романцова Е.Б., Романюк Ф.П., Климов Л.Я., Пирожкова Н.И., Колесникова С.М., Курьянинова В.А., Васильева С.В., Мозжухина М.В., Евсеева Е.А. Недостаточность витамина D у детей раннего возраста в России: результаты многоцентрового когортного исследования «РОДНИЧОК» (2013–2014 гг.). Вопросы современной педиатрии 2014; 13(6): 30–34. [Zaharova I.N., Malcev S.V., Borovik T.Je., Jacyk G.V., Maljavskaja S.I., Vahlova I.V., Shumatova T.A., Romancova E.B., Romanjuk F.P., Klimov L.Ja, Pirozhkova N.I., Kolesnikova S.M., Kur’janinova V.A., Vasil’eva S.V., Mozzhuhina M.V., Evseeva E.A.. Lack of vitamin D in young children in Russia: results of a multicenter cohort study «RODNICHOK» (2013–2014). Current pediatrics 2014; 13(6): 30–34. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Захарова И.Н., Мальцев С.В., Боровик Т.Э., Яцык Г.В., Малявская С.И., Вахлова И.В., Шуматова Т.А., Романцова Е.Б., Романюк Ф.П., Климов Л.Я., Пирожкова Н.И., Колесникова С.М., Курьянинова В.А., Васильева С.В., Мозжухина М.В., Евсеева Е.А. Недостаточность витамина D у детей раннего возраста в России: результаты многоцентрового когортного исследования «РОДНИЧОК» (2013–2014 гг.). Вопросы современной педиатрии 2014; 13(6): 30–34. [Zaharova I.N., Malcev S.V., Borovik T.Je., Jacyk G.V., Maljavskaja S.I., Vahlova I.V., Shumatova T.A., Romancova E.B., Romanjuk F.P., Klimov L.Ja, Pirozhkova N.I., Kolesnikova S.M., Kur’janinova V.A., Vasil’eva S.V., Mozzhuhina M.V., Evseeva E.A.. Lack of vitamin D in young children in Russia: results of a multicenter cohort study «RODNICHOK» (2013–2014). Current pediatrics 2014; 13(6): 30–34. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reis J.P., von Mühlen D., Miller E.R., Michos E.D., Appel L.J. Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in the United States adolescent population. Pediatrics 2009; 124: 371-379. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009–0213.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reis J.P., von Mühlen D., Miller E.R., Michos E.D., Appel L.J. Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors in the United States adolescent population. Pediatrics 2009; 124: 371-379. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2009–0213.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saintonge S., Bang H., Gerber L.M. Implications of a new definition of vitamin D deficiency in a multiracial us adolescent population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 797–803. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008–1195.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saintonge S., Bang H., Gerber L.M. Implications of a new definition of vitamin D deficiency in a multiracial us adolescent population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. Pediatrics 2009; 123: 797–803. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008–1195.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sonneville K.R., Gordon C.M., Kocher M.S., Pierce L.M., Ramappa A., Field A.E. Vitamin D, calcium, and dairy intakes and stress fractures among female adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012; 166: 595–600. DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sonneville K.R., Gordon C.M., Kocher M.S., Pierce L.M., Ramappa A., Field A.E. Vitamin D, calcium, and dairy intakes and stress fractures among female adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2012; 166: 595–600. DOI: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Johnsen M.S., Grimnes G., Figenschau Y., Torjesen P.A., Almas B., Jorde R. Serum free and bio-available 25- hydroxyvitamin D correlate better with bone density than serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2014; 74: 177–183. DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.869701.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Johnsen M.S., Grimnes G., Figenschau Y., Torjesen P.A., Almas B., Jorde R. Serum free and bio-available 25- hydroxyvitamin D correlate better with bone density than serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2014; 74: 177–183. DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2013.869701.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Национальная программа «Недостаточность витамина D у детей и подростков в Российской Федерации: современные подходы к коррекции». М 2015; 112. [The national program «Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents in the Russian Federation: modern approaches to correction. Мoscow, 2015; 112. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Национальная программа «Недостаточность витамина D у детей и подростков в Российской Федерации: современные подходы к коррекции». М 2015; 112. [The national program «Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents in the Russian Federation: modern approaches to correction. Мoscow, 2015; 112. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шилин Д.Е. Эпидемиология переломов в детском возрасте: обоснование фармакологической коррекции дефицита кальция и витамина D. Педиатрия 2007; 86(3): 70–79. [Shilin D.E. Epidemiology of fractures in children: rationale for pharmacological correction of deficiency of calcium and vitamin D. Pediatrija 2007; 86(3): 70–79. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Шилин Д.Е. Эпидемиология переломов в детском возрасте: обоснование фармакологической коррекции дефицита кальция и витамина D. Педиатрия 2007; 86(3): 70–79. [Shilin D.E. Epidemiology of fractures in children: rationale for pharmacological correction of deficiency of calcium and vitamin D. Pediatrija 2007; 86(3): 70–79. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Громова О.А, Торшин И.Ю., Захарова И.Н. О дозировании витамина D у детей и подростков. Вопросы современной педиатрии 2015; 1 (14): 38–47. [Gromova O.A, Torshin I. Yu., Zaharova I. N. About vitamin D dosing in children and adolescents. Current pediatrics 2015; 1(14): 38–47. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Громова О.А, Торшин И.Ю., Захарова И.Н. О дозировании витамина D у детей и подростков. Вопросы современной педиатрии 2015; 1 (14): 38–47. [Gromova O.A, Torshin I. Yu., Zaharova I. N. About vitamin D dosing in children and adolescents. Current pediatrics 2015; 1(14): 38–47. (in Russ)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
