perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-3-125-129perinatology-510Research ArticleВ ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУFOR THE PRACTITIONERРАННИЕ ЭТАПЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПИЩЕВОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯEARLY STAGES IN THE FORMATION OF EATING BEHAVIORПырьеваЕ. А.PyrievaE. A.

Пырьева Екатерина Анатольевна – кандидат медицинских наук, доц., зав. лабораторией возрастной нутрициологии 

119049 Москва, Устьинский пр., д. 2/14

EPyrieva@mail.ruГмошинскаяМ. В.GmoshinskayaM. V.

Гмошинская Мария Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории возрастной нутрициологии 

119049 Москва, Устьинский пр., д. 2/14

ШилинаН. М.ShilinaN. M.

Шилина Наталья Михайловна – доктор биологических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник лаборатории возрастной нутрициологии 

119049 Москва, Устьинский пр., д. 2/14

ГурченковаМ. А.GurchenkovaM. A.

Гурченкова Марина Александровна – младший научный сотрудник лаборатории возрастной нутрициологии 

119049 Москва, Устьинский пр., д. 2/14

ФГБУН «Федеральный исследовательский центр питания, биотехнологии и безопасности пищи»РоссияFederal Research Center for Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food SafetyRussian Federation201730062017623125129Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20172017Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/510

Обсуждаются вопросы, связанные с ранними этапами формирования пищевого поведения, которые вызывают особый интерес, учитывая их тесную связь с социально значимыми проблемами современности – ожирением, метаболическим синдромом, сердечно-сосудистой патологией и др.

Способность к восприятию вкусовых ощущений выявляется уже во внутриутробном периоде. Основное значение для формирования вкуса имеет генетическая предрасположенность, предопределяющая восприятие вкуса, консистенции и аромата, а также частоту и скорость потребления пищи. Обсуждается роль средовых факторов, способных влиять на экспрессию генов вкусовых рецепторов GPCRs, как пре-, так и постнатальных. Рассматривается влияние вкусового разнообразия на ранних этапах развития на вкусовое восприятие в последующие периоды жизни. Представлено влияние прикорма на формирование пищевых предпочтений и, в частности, влияние достаточного присутствия в составе прикорма фруктов и овощей на их потребление в школьном возрасте. Отмечена значительная роль семьи и психологической составляющей процесса кормления в формировании пищевого поведения. 

The article discusses issues related to the early stages of the formation of food behavior, which are of particular interest, given their close connection with the socially significant problems of the present – obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, etc.

The ability to perceive the sensations of taste is revealed already in the prenatal period. The main importance for the formation of taste has a genetic predisposition, predetermining the perception of taste, consistency and flavor, as well as the frequency and speed of food intake. The role of environmental factors that can influence the expression of genes of the taste receptors of GPCRs, as pre- and postnatal, is discussed.

The influence of taste diversity at early stages of development on taste perception in subsequent periods of life is considered. The influence of complementary feeding on the formation of food preferences and, in particular, the influence of a sufficient presence of fruit and vegetable in the complementary feeding on their consumption at school age is presented. The significant role of the family and the psychological component of the process of feeding in the formation of food behavior were noted. 

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.