perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2017-62-6-23-28perinatology-587Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФИЗМА ГЕНА РЕЦЕПТОРА ВИТАМИНА D В ПАТОЛОГИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКАSIGNIFICANCE OF GENE POLYMORPHISM OF VITAMIN D RECEPTOR IN HUMAN PATHOLOGYБухалкоМ. А.BukhalkoM. A.

Бухалко Марина Александровна – аспирант отдела нейроинфекций и органической патологии нервной системы ДНКЦИБД; старший лаборант кафедры инфекционных болезней С-ПГПМУ

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3176СкрипченкоН. В.SkripchenkoN. V.

Скрипченко Наталья Викторовна – заслуженный деятель науки РФ, доктор медицинских наук профессор, зам. директора ДНКЦИБД.

197022 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Профессора Попова, д. 9

СкрипченкоЕ. Ю.SkripchenkoE. Yu.ИмянитовЕ. Н.ImyanitovE. N.

Имянитов Евгений Наумович – член-корреспондент РАН, доктор медицинских наук профессор, зав. кафедрой общей и молекулярной медицинской генетики С-ПГПМУ; зав. отделом биологии опухолевого роста НИИ онкологии им. Н.Н. Петрова.

Детский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней у детей ФМБА России; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian FederationRussian FederationДетский научно-клинический центр инфекционных болезней у детей ФМБА России; Санкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава России; Институт мозга человека РАН им. Н.П. БехтеревойРоссияPediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases under the Federal Medical Biological Agency; Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation; N.P. Bekhtereva Institute of Human Brain, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный педиатрический медицинский университет Минздрава России; НИИ онкологии им. Н.Н. ПетроваРоссияSaint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of the Russian Federation; N.N. Petrov Institute of OncologyRussian Federation2017110120186262328Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20182018Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/587

В обзоре литературы представлены сведения о роли полиморфизма гена рецептора витамина D в патологии человека, поскольку, по современным данным, витамин D представляет собой гормон, который, связываясь со своими специфическими  рецепторами, оказывает многочисленные плейотропные эффекты действия на организм человека. Эти эффекты во многом  могут определять роль витамина D в возникновении и течении ряда широкораспространенных заболеваний современного человека, включая инфекционную патологию, аутоиммунные заболевания, нервно-психические расстройства. Особое  значение в настоящее время придается гену рецептора витамин D VDR, для которого характерен полиморфизм, что может  определять особенности реализации биологических эффектов кальцитриола в организме человека. В статье представлены  обзорные данные, подтверждающие вклад некоторых одиночных нуклеотидных полиморфизмов гена VDR в формирование  плейотропных действий витамина D и их клинических проявлений. 

The literature review presents information on the role of gene polymorphism of vitamin D receptor in human pathology. According to  modern data, vitamin D is a hormone which has numerous pleiotropic effects on the human body by binding to its specific receptors  (VDR). These effects can greatly determine the role of vitamin D in the occurence and the course of a number of widespread diseases of a  modern man, including infectious pathology, autoimmune diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders. Special importance is currently attached  to the receptor gene of vitamin D, VDR, which is characterized by a genetic polymorphism that can determine the features of implementation of the biological effects of calcitriol in the human body. The article presents the review data supporting the contribution of certain  single nucleotide polymorphisms of gene VDR in the formation of the pleiotropic effects of vitamin D and their clinical manifestations.

детивитамин Dрецепторы витамина Dген VDRполиморфизмзаболеваниятечениеосложненияchildrenvitamin Dvitamin D receptorsgene VDRpolymorphismdiseasescoursecomplicationsРНФ, гранта15-15-00079RNF, grant 15-15-00079ReferencesHolick M.F., Binkley N.C., Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Catherine M.G., David A.H., Robert P. H. et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96 (7): 1911–1930. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011–0385Holick M.F., Binkley N.C., Bischoff-Ferrari H.A., Catherine M.G., David A.H., Robert P. H. et al. Evaluation, treatment, and prevention of vitamin D deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96 (7): 1911–1930. DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011–0385Uitterlinden A.G., Fang Y., Van Meurs J.B., Pols H.A., Van Leeuwen J.P. Genetics and biology of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms: Review. Gene 2004; 338: 143–156.Uitterlinden A.G., Fang Y., Van Meurs J.B., Pols H.A., Van Leeuwen J.P. Genetics and biology of vitamin D receptor polymorphisms: Review. Gene 2004; 338: 143–156.Narooie-Nejad M., Moossavi M., Torkamanzehi A., Moghtaderi A. Positive Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variations with Multiple Sclerosis in South East Iranian Population. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015: 427519. DOI: 10.1155/2015/427519Narooie-Nejad M., Moossavi M., Torkamanzehi A., Moghtaderi A. Positive Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variations with Multiple Sclerosis in South East Iranian Population. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015: 427519. DOI: 10.1155/2015/427519Tizaoui K., Kaabachi W., Hamzaoui A., Hamzaoui K. Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies. Cellular & Molecular Immunol 2015; 12: 243–252. DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.47Tizaoui K., Kaabachi W., Hamzaoui A., Hamzaoui K. Association between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis of case–control studies. Cellular & Molecular Immunol 2015; 12: 243–252. DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2014.47Huang J., Xie Z.-F. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and multiple sclerosis risk: A meta-analysis of case–control studies. J Neurol Sci 2012; 313: 79–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.09.024Huang J., Xie Z.-F. Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene and multiple sclerosis risk: A meta-analysis of case–control studies. J Neurol Sci 2012; 313: 79–85. DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.09.024Бабенко С.А., Алифирова В.М., Орлова Ю.Ю., Пузырев В.П. Связь аллельных вариантов гена VDR c рассеянным склерозом. Бюллетень сибирской медицины 2008; 5: 40–46. [Babenko S.А., Аlifirova V.M., Orlova Yu.Yu., Puzyryov V.P. The relationship of allelic variants of VDR gene c multiple sclerosis. Byulleten’ sibirskoj meditsiny 2008; 5: 40–46. (in Russ)]Бабенко С.А., Алифирова В.М., Орлова Ю.Ю., Пузырев В.П. Связь аллельных вариантов гена VDR c рассеянным склерозом. Бюллетень сибирской медицины 2008; 5: 40–46. [Babenko S.А., Аlifirova V.M., Orlova Yu.Yu., Puzyryov V.P. The relationship of allelic variants of VDR gene c multiple sclerosis. Byulleten’ sibirskoj meditsiny 2008; 5: 40–46. (in Russ)]Temaimi R.A., Enezi A., Serri A., Roughani R., Mulla F. The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in a Case-Control Study from Kuwait. PLOS ONE 2015; 10 (11): e0142265. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142265Temaimi R.A., Enezi A., Serri A., Roughani R., Mulla F. The Association of Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms with Multiple Sclerosis in a Case-Control Study from Kuwait. PLOS ONE 2015; 10 (11): e0142265. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142265Bettencourt A., Boleixa D., Guimarães A.L., Leal B., Carvalho C., Brás S. et al. The vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and Multiple Sclerosis in a Northern Portuguese population. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 309: 34–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.05.005Bettencourt A., Boleixa D., Guimarães A.L., Leal B., Carvalho C., Brás S. et al. The vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism and Multiple Sclerosis in a Northern Portuguese population. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 309: 34–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.05.005Bermúdez-Morales V.H., Fierros G., Lopez R.L., Martínez-Nava G., Flores-Aldana M., Flores-Rivera J. et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with multiple sclerosis in Mexican adults. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 306: 20–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.009Bermúdez-Morales V.H., Fierros G., Lopez R.L., Martínez-Nava G., Flores-Aldana M., Flores-Rivera J. et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms are associated with multiple sclerosis in Mexican adults. J Neuroimmunol 2017; 306: 20–24. DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.01.009Xia S., Xia X., Wang W., Yu L., Jin J., Lin X. et al. Associations of ulcerative colitis with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and serum levels of 25-hydroxyl vitamin D. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 94 (14): 1060-1066. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2014.14.006Xia S., Xia X., Wang W., Yu L., Jin J., Lin X. et al. Associations of ulcerative colitis with vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and serum levels of 25-hydroxyl vitamin D. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2014; 94 (14): 1060-1066. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2014.14.006Xia S., Lin X., Guo M., Jiang L., Jin J., Lin X. et al. An analysis of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with Crohn’s disease. Nei Ke Za Zhi 2015; 54 (7): 601–606. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2015.07.007Xia S., Lin X., Guo M., Jiang L., Jin J., Lin X. et al. An analysis of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in patients with Crohn’s disease. Nei Ke Za Zhi 2015; 54 (7): 601–606. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2015.07.007Xue L.N., Xu K.Q., Zhang W., Wang Q., Wu J., Wang X.Y. Associations between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis inflamm bowel. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19 (1): 54–60. DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22966Xue L.N., Xu K.Q., Zhang W., Wang Q., Wu J., Wang X.Y. Associations between vitamin D receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and crohn’s disease: a meta-analysis inflamm bowel. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19 (1): 54–60. DOI: 10.1002/ibd.22966Luo Y.Y., Shu X.L., Zhao H., Yu J.D., Ma M., Chen J. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and pediatric Crohn’s disease in China: a study based on gene sequencing. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2013; 15 (11): 1006–1008.Luo Y.Y., Shu X.L., Zhao H., Yu J.D., Ma M., Chen J. Association between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and pediatric Crohn’s disease in China: a study based on gene sequencing. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2013; 15 (11): 1006–1008.Ших Е.В., Милотова Н.М. Роль полиморфизма гена VDR, кодирующего рецептор витамина D, в патогенезе артериальной гипертонии. Биомедицина. Клин фармакол 2009; 1; 55–67. [Shih E.V., Milotova N.M. The role of VDR gene polymorphism, encoding the vitamin D receptor, in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Biomeditsina. Klin farmakol 2009; 1; 55–67 (in Russ)]Ших Е.В., Милотова Н.М. Роль полиморфизма гена VDR, кодирующего рецептор витамина D, в патогенезе артериальной гипертонии. Биомедицина. Клин фармакол 2009; 1; 55–67. [Shih E.V., Milotova N.M. The role of VDR gene polymorphism, encoding the vitamin D receptor, in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Biomeditsina. Klin farmakol 2009; 1; 55–67 (in Russ)]Wang L., Ma J., Manson J.E., Buring J.E., Gaziano J.M., Sesso H.D. A prospective study of plasma vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and risk of hypertension in men. Jur J Nutr 2013; 52 (7): 1771–1779. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0480-8Wang L., Ma J., Manson J.E., Buring J.E., Gaziano J.M., Sesso H.D. A prospective study of plasma vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms, and risk of hypertension in men. Jur J Nutr 2013; 52 (7): 1771–1779. DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0480-8Майлян Э.А. Влияние полиморфизма 283 A>G (BsmI) гена рецептора витамина D на развитие остеопороза у женщин в остменопаузе. Медицинский вестник Юга России 2016; 4: 32–38. [E.A. Maylyan. The influence of vitamin D receptor gene 283 A>G (BSMI) polymorphism on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Medicinskij vestnik Juga Rossii 2016; 4: 32–38 (in Russ)]Майлян Э.А. Влияние полиморфизма 283 A>G (BsmI) гена рецептора витамина D на развитие остеопороза у женщин в остменопаузе. Медицинский вестник Юга России 2016; 4: 32–38. [E.A. Maylyan. The influence of vitamin D receptor gene 283 A>G (BSMI) polymorphism on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Medicinskij vestnik Juga Rossii 2016; 4: 32–38 (in Russ)]Bao L., Chen M., Lei Y., Zhou Z., Shen H., Le F. Association between vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and bone mineral density in pediatric patients: A meta-analysis and sys tematic review of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96 (17): e6718. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006718Bao L., Chen M., Lei Y., Zhou Z., Shen H., Le F. Association between vitamin D receptor BsmI polymorphism and bone mineral density in pediatric patients: A meta-analysis and sys tematic review of observational studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96 (17): e6718. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000006718Габрусская Т.В., Костик М.М., Насыхова Ю.А., Ревнова М.О., Кузьмина Д.А. Влияние TaqI-генетического полиморфизма гена рецептора витамина D на состояние костного метаболизма у детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника. Педиатр 2017; 8 (3): 111–119. [Gabrusskaia T.V., Kostik М.М., Nasyhova Yu.A., Revnova М.O., Kuzmina D.A. Role of TaqI-genetic polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene in bone metabolism in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatr (St Petersburg) 2017; 8 (3): 111–119. (in Russ)] 19. Костик М.М., Щеплягина Л.А., Ларионова В.И. Роль генетического полиморфизма генаГабрусская Т.В., Костик М.М., Насыхова Ю.А., Ревнова М.О., Кузьмина Д.А. Влияние TaqI-генетического полиморфизма гена рецептора витамина D на состояние костного метаболизма у детей с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника. Педиатр 2017; 8 (3): 111–119. [Gabrusskaia T.V., Kostik М.М., Nasyhova Yu.A., Revnova М.O., Kuzmina D.A. Role of TaqI-genetic polymorphism of vitamin D receptor gene in bone metabolism in children with inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatr (St Petersburg) 2017; 8 (3): 111–119. (in Russ)] 19. Костик М.М., Щеплягина Л.А., Ларионова В.И. Роль генетического полиморфизма генавитамина D (VDR) в патогенезе ювенильного идиопатического артрита: теоретические и практические аспекты. Совр ревматол 2014; 3: 28–33. [Kostik M.М., Sheplyagina L.A., Larionova V.I. Role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Theoretical and practical aspects. Sovr revmatol 2014; 3: 28–33 (in Russ)]витамина D (VDR) в патогенезе ювенильного идиопатического артрита: теоретические и практические аспекты. Совр ревматол 2014; 3: 28–33. [Kostik M.М., Sheplyagina L.A., Larionova V.I. Role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Theoretical and practical aspects. Sovr revmatol 2014; 3: 28–33 (in Russ)]Zhang J.W., Zhang Q., Qu D.B., Lin Z., Ma X.M., Zhong X. et al. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to bone and joint tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2017; 37 (5): 704–706.Zhang J.W., Zhang Q., Qu D.B., Lin Z., Ma X.M., Zhong X. et al. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to bone and joint tuberculosis in Chinese Han population. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2017; 37 (5): 704–706.Song G.G., Bae S.C., Lee Y.H. Vitamin D receptor FokI, BsmI, and TaqI polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75 (3): 322–329. DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-1581-6Song G.G., Bae S.C., Lee Y.H. Vitamin D receptor FokI, BsmI, and TaqI polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol 2016; 75 (3): 322–329. DOI: 10.1007/s00393-015-1581-6Karray E.F., Ben Dhifallah I., Ben Abdelghani K., Ben Ghorbel I., Khanfir M., Houman H. et al. Associations of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms FokI and BsmI with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and Behçet’s disease in Tunisians. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79 (2): 144–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.06.003Karray E.F., Ben Dhifallah I., Ben Abdelghani K., Ben Ghorbel I., Khanfir M., Houman H. et al. Associations of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms FokI and BsmI with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and Behçet’s disease in Tunisians. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79 (2): 144–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.06.003Areeshi M.Y., Mandal R.K., Dar S.A., Alshahrani A.M., Ahmad A., Jawed A. et al. A reappraised meta-analysis of the genetic association between vitamin D receptor BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis risk. Biosci Rep 2017; 37(3): pii: BSR20170247. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20170247Areeshi M.Y., Mandal R.K., Dar S.A., Alshahrani A.M., Ahmad A., Jawed A. et al. A reappraised meta-analysis of the genetic association between vitamin D receptor BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and pulmonary tuberculosis risk. Biosci Rep 2017; 37(3): pii: BSR20170247. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20170247Chen X.E., Chen P., Chen S.S., Lu J., Ma T., Shi G. et al. A population association study of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population. Immunol Res 2017; 65 (3): 750–756. DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8914-2Chen X.E., Chen P., Chen S.S., Lu J., Ma T., Shi G. et al. A population association study of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus in a Chinese population. Immunol Res 2017; 65 (3): 750–756. DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8914-2Tukvadze N., Sanikidze E., Kipiani M., Hebbar G., Easley K.A., Shenvi N. High-dose vitamin D3 in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102 (5): 1059–1069. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.113886Tukvadze N., Sanikidze E., Kipiani M., Hebbar G., Easley K.A., Shenvi N. High-dose vitamin D3 in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102 (5): 1059–1069. DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.113886Martineau A.R., Timms P.M., Bothamley G.H., Hanifa Y., Islam K., Claxton A.P. et al. High-dose vitamin D(3) during intensive-phase antimicrobial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011; 377 (9761): 242–250. DOI: 10.1016/S01406736(10)61889-2Martineau A.R., Timms P.M., Bothamley G.H., Hanifa Y., Islam K., Claxton A.P. et al. High-dose vitamin D(3) during intensive-phase antimicrobial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2011; 377 (9761): 242–250. DOI: 10.1016/S01406736(10)61889-2Mishra D.K., Wu Y., Sarkissyan M., Sarkissyan S., Chen Z., Shang X. et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and prognosis of breast cancer among African-American and Hispanic women. PLoS One 2013; 8 (3): e57967. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057967Mishra D.K., Wu Y., Sarkissyan M., Sarkissyan S., Chen Z., Shang X. et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and prognosis of breast cancer among African-American and Hispanic women. PLoS One 2013; 8 (3): e57967. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057967Vidigal V.M., Silva T.D., de Oliveira J., Pimenta C.A.M., Felipe A.V., Forones N.M. Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genes and the risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32 (2): e224–e230. DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000248Vidigal V.M., Silva T.D., de Oliveira J., Pimenta C.A.M., Felipe A.V., Forones N.M. Genetic polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor (VDR), CYP27B1 and CYP24A1 genes and the risk of colorectal cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2017; 32 (2): e224–e230. DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000248Tantawy M., Amer M., Raafat T., Hamdy N. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in Egyptian pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia correlation with BMD. Meta Gene 2016; 9: 42–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.03.008Tantawy M., Amer M., Raafat T., Hamdy N. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in Egyptian pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia correlation with BMD. Meta Gene 2016; 9: 42–46. DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.03.008Yesil S., Tanyildiz H.G., Tekgunduz S.A., Toprak S., Fettah A., Dikmen A.U., Sahin G. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Pediatr Int 2017; 59 (6): 682–685. DOI: 10.1111/ped.13273Yesil S., Tanyildiz H.G., Tekgunduz S.A., Toprak S., Fettah A., Dikmen A.U., Sahin G. Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Pediatr Int 2017; 59 (6): 682–685. DOI: 10.1111/ped.13273Azab S.F., Ali Y.F., Farghaly M.A., Hamed M.E., Allah M.A., Emam A.A. Vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphisms in Egyptian children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95 (46): e5233. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005233Azab S.F., Ali Y.F., Farghaly M.A., Hamed M.E., Allah M.A., Emam A.A. Vitamin D receptor gene BsmI polymorphisms in Egyptian children and adolescents with systemic lupus erythematosus: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95 (46): e5233. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005233Iordanidou M., Paraskakis E., Giannakopoulou E., Tavridou A., Gentile G., Borro M., Simmaco M. et al. Vitamin D receptor ApaI a allele is associated with better childhood asthma control and improvement in ability for daily activities. OMICS 2014; 18 (11): 673–681. DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0023Iordanidou M., Paraskakis E., Giannakopoulou E., Tavridou A., Gentile G., Borro M., Simmaco M. et al. Vitamin D receptor ApaI a allele is associated with better childhood asthma control and improvement in ability for daily activities. OMICS 2014; 18 (11): 673–681. DOI: 10.1089/omi.2014.0023Despotovic M., Jevtovic Stoimenov T., Stankovic I., Basic J., Pavlovic D. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Serbian Patients With Bronchial Asthma: A Case-Control Study. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118 (11): 3986–3992. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26054Despotovic M., Jevtovic Stoimenov T., Stankovic I., Basic J., Pavlovic D. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Serbian Patients With Bronchial Asthma: A Case-Control Study. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118 (11): 3986–3992. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26054Maalmi H., Sassi F.H., Berraies A., Ammar J., Hamzaoui K., Hamzaoui A. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to asthma in Tunisian children: A case control study. Hum Immunol 2013; 74 (2): 234–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.11.005Maalmi H., Sassi F.H., Berraies A., Ammar J., Hamzaoui K., Hamzaoui A. Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to asthma in Tunisian children: A case control study. Hum Immunol 2013; 74 (2): 234–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.11.005Wang G., Xie L., Hu J., Lu H., Liu X., Cao Y. et al. Osteopontin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4, and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in the Susceptibility and Clinical Severity of Spinal Tuberculosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41 (5): 1881–1893. DOI: 10.1159/000471935Wang G., Xie L., Hu J., Lu H., Liu X., Cao Y. et al. Osteopontin, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-4, and Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in the Susceptibility and Clinical Severity of Spinal Tuberculosis. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41 (5): 1881–1893. DOI: 10.1159/000471935

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.