perinatologyРоссийский вестник перинатологии и педиатрииRossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)1027-40652500-2228Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”10.21508/1027-4065-2018-63-3-13-18perinatology-667Research ArticleОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫREVIEWSФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КИШЕЧНОЙ МИКРОБИОТЫ РЕБЕНКА И ФАКТОРЫ, ВЛИЯЮЩИЕ НА ЭТОТ ПРОЦЕССFORMATION OF THE INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA OF CHILDREN AND THE FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THIS PROCESShttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-302XНиколаеваИ. В.NikolaevaI. V.

Шайхиева Гульнара Сиреневна – аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней.

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8599-5160ЦарегородцевА. Д.TsaregorodtsevA. D.

Царегородцев Александр Дмитриевич – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, советник ректора.

117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д.1

Moscow

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4389-4775ШайхиеваГ. С.ShaikhievaG. S.

Шайхиева Гульнара Сиреневна – аспирант кафедры инфекционных болезней.

420012 Казань, ул. Бутлерова, д. 49

ФГБОУ ВО «Казанский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияKazan State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian FederationГБОУ ВПО «Российский национальный медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РоссииРоссияPirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation2018290620186331318Copyright © Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 20182018Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNoticehttps://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/667

Цель: представить современные данные о процессе формировании кишечной микробиоты ребенка на ранних этапах его  развития и факторах, влияющих на этот процесс.

Кишечная микробиота играет ключевую роль в физиологии и поддержании гомеостаза организма человека. Результаты молекулярно-генетических исследований свидетельствуют о том, что процесс формирования кишечной микробиоты начинается внутриутробно и ребенок получает микрофлору матери в течение всей беременности, родов и грудного вскармливания.  Наиболее интенсивно процесс микробной колонизации ребенка микроорганизмами матери и окружающей среды происходит в родах и постнатальном периоде. Внутриутробный и неонатальный периоды представляют собой критические этапы  формирования микробиома ребенка, от которых во многом зависит состояние его здоровья в течение всей жизни.  Состав  формирующейся микробиоты зависит от гестационного возраста ребенка, способа родоразрешения, типа вскармливания,  антибактериальной терапии, санитарно-гигиенических условий окружающей среды, географических условий и др.  Более  глубокое понимание процессов формирования кишечной микрофлоры позволит разработать эффективные методы профилактики и коррекции микроэкологических нарушений у ребенка.

Objective: presenting the latest finding about the process of the formation of the intestinal microbiota of children in the early stages  of development and the factors that influence this process.

Intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the physiology and maintenance of the homeostasis of the human body. The results   of molecular genetic studies show that the formation of the intestinal microbiota begins in utero, and the child receives mother’s  microflora throughout pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding. The microbial colonization of a child by mother’s and environmental microorganisms is the most intensive in childbirth and the postnatal period. Both intrauterine and neonatal periods are critical  stages in the formation of the child's microbioma, which significantly determine the state of their health throughout further life.  The composition of the microbiota being formed depends on the gestational age of the child, the mode of delivery, the type of feeding, antibacterial therapy, the sanitary and hygienic environmental conditions, geographical conditions, etc. A deeper understanding of the processes of intestinal microflora formation will allow developing effective methods for the prevention and correction   of microecological disorders in the child.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.