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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">perinatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-4065</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2500-2228</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21508/1027-4065-2018-63-4-43-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">perinatology-694</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ СТАТЬИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>НЕДОНОШЕННОСТЬ И НИЗКАЯ МАССА ТЕЛА ПРИ РОЖДЕНИИ КАК ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА НАРУШЕНИЙ НЕРВНО-ПСИХИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ У ДЕТЕЙ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PREMATURITY AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AS RISK FACTORS FOR NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDREN</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-7422</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Заваденко</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavadenko</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., зав. кафедрой неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>асс. кафедры неврологии, нейрохирургии и медицинской генетики педиатрического факультета,</p><p>117997 Москва, ул. Островитянова, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”, 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ltd. “The National Academy of Pediatric Science and Innovation”</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/about/submissions#copyrightNotice</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/694">https://www.ped-perinatology.ru/jour/article/view/694</self-uri><abstract><p>Внедрение современных технологий и широкое использование методов интенсивной терапии в неонатологии привели к увеличению выживаемости детей, родившихся недоношенными с низкой, очень низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела. Цель исследования: оценка особенностей нервно-психического развития и частоты встречаемости его нарушений к возрасту 5–8 лет у детей, родившихся недоношенными с экстремально низкой, очень низкой и низкой массой тела, в сравнении со здоровыми ровесниками. Обследованы 122 пациента в возрасте от 5 лет 0 мес до 8 лет 0 мес, в том числе 36 – с очень низкой массой тела при рождении, 36 – с экстремально низкой массой тела и 50 – с низкой массой тела, а также 30 детей контрольной группы. Для оценки основных жалоб у пациентов использовался структурированный опросник для родителей. Для исследования у детей эмоциональных и поведенческих нарушений применялся структурированный опросник для родителей T. Achenbach. Результаты и обсуждение. Данные анкетирования родителей с помощью опросника T. Achenbach свидетельствовали о достоверно более значительных и выраженных у обследованных детей проявлений замкнутости и изоляции, психосоматических нарушений, тревожности, проблем социализации и мышления, нарушений внимания, проблем поведения и агрессивности. В группах обследованных пациентов по сравнению с ровесниками оказались значительно более высокими оценки по шкалам «Проявления интернализации» и «Проявления экстернализации». Показано, что глубокая недоношенность и рождение с экстремально низкой, очень низкой и низкой массой тела являются важными предрасполагающими факторами для развития у детей нарушений нервно-психического развития: расстройств аутистического спектра, синдрома дефицита внимания и гиперактивности, диспраксии развития, специфических трудностей обучения. Ранняя диагностика этих состояний определяет эффективность лечебных мероприятий, при этом необходимы индивидуальный подход и комплексное медико-психолого-педагогическое сопровождение.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The introduction of modern technologies and the widespread use of intensive care in neonatology have led to an increase in the survival rate of children, who were born deeply premature with a low, very low, and extremely low body weight. The purpose of the study: evaluation of  the peculiarities of  neuropsychic development and the frequency of  occurrence of  neuropsychiatric disorders by the age of 5-8 years in children, who were born deeply premature with extremely low, very low, and low body weight in comparison with healthy peers. We examined 122 patients aged from 5 years 0 months to 8 years 0 months, 36 were born with very low body weight, 36 with extremely low body weight, 50 with low body weight, and 30 children were included into the control group. To assess the main complaints in patients, a structured questionnaire for parents was used. To study emotional and behavioral disorders in children, T.Achenbach’s structured questionnaire for the parents was used. Results and discussion. Data from the T.Achenbach’s parents’ questionnaire indicated significantly more expressed and pronounced manifestations of isolation, psychosomatic disorders, anxiety, problems of socialization and thinking, attention disorders, problems of behavior and aggressiveness in the examined children. In the groups of the examined patients, compared with peers, were significantly higher scores on the scales of “Internalizing manifestations” and “Externalizing manifestations”. It was shown that profound prematurity and birth with extremely low, very low and low body weight are important predisposing factors for the neurodevelopmental disorders in children: autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental dyspraxia, specific learning difficulties. Early diagnosis of these conditions determines the effectiveness of therapeutic measures with the need of individual approach and comprehensive medical-psychological-pedagogical support.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>низкая масса тела при рождении</kwd><kwd>очень низкая масса тела при рождении</kwd><kwd>экстремально низкая масса тела при рождении</kwd><kwd>нарушения нервно-психического развития</kwd><kwd>синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности</kwd><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>premature infants</kwd><kwd>low birth weight</kwd><kwd>very low birth weight</kwd><kwd>extremely low birth weight</kwd><kwd>neurodevelopmental disorders</kwd><kwd>attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</kwd><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Заваденко Н.Н. 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