Problems of the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in children

Along with the increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes among children and adolescents, there is a growth of rare variants of the disease — type 2 diabetes and monogenic forms of diabetes.

Objective. To study the characteristics of clinical course of diabetes mellitus in patients under 18 years, depending on the type of disease. Children characteristics and research methods. The researchers compared age, gender, and clinical and laboratory characteristics in the debut of the pathology in 43 patients with an atypical manifestation of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Results. Despite the non-standard clinical manifestations of the disease, 62.8% of the patients in this cohort account for children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, 23.3% — for patients with MODY diabetes (23.3%), and 13.9% — for type 2 diabetes mellitus. There were no clinical and laboratory markers (due to insufficient number of patients), such as: burdened heredity, patient weight, level of residual secretion of insulin, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin at the moment of manifestation, which could be used as a guideline for the differential diagnosis. This fact justifies the usage of the entire range of laboratory and molecular genetic studies to verily the diagnosis.

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