Семейная гомозиготная гиперхолестеринемии у детей: стратегия ранней диагностики и лечения
https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-4-118-128
Аннотация
Семейная гомозиготная гиперхолестеринемия – редкое угрожающее жизни заболевание, распространенность которого по последним данным составляет 1:160 000–1:320 000. Основным проявлением заболевания служит экстремально высокий уровень холестерина липопротеинов низкой плотности(более13 ммоль/л), что вызывает раннее атеросклеротическое поражение сосудов, в том числе коронарных, начиная с первого десятилетия жизни, и может приводить к развитию инфаркта миокарда в детском возрасте. Семейная гомозиготная гиперхолестеринемия остается малоизвестным заболеванием в клинической практике педиатра; это ведет к запоздалой диагностике и позднему началу терапии. Наиболее частой причиной заболевания служат мутации в гене LDLR (90%), реже в генахAPOB (5–10%), PCSK9 (1%), LDLRAP1 (1%). Изложены критерии диагностики семейной гомозиготной гиперхолестеринемии у детей. Подробно освященыклинические проявления на коже, на уровне сердечно-сосудистой системы, глаз. Представлены стратегия ведения и возможности лечения пациентов. Изложены показания к назначению и эффективность статинов, эзетрола, моноклональных антител к PCSK9, афереза для лечения заболевания. Обсуждаются перспективы дальнейшей терапии.
Об авторе
И. В. ЛеонтьеваРоссия
Леонтьева Ирина Викторовна – д.м.н., проф., глав. науч. сотр. отдела детской кардиологии и аритмологии
125412 Москва, ул. Талдомская, д. 2
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Леонтьева И.В. Семейная гомозиготная гиперхолестеринемии у детей: стратегия ранней диагностики и лечения. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2021;66(4):118-128. https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-4-118-128
For citation:
Leontyeva I.V. Familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia in children: early diagnosis and treatment. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2021;66(4):118-128. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-4-118-128