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Formation of cognitive processes in children with autism. Part II. Genetic mechanisms
https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2024-69-2-26-33
Abstract
Autism and autism spectrum disorders are neuropsychiatric diseases that begin to appear in children under 3 years. Over the past decade, the number of children with autism spectrum disorders has increased more than in 10-fold and continues to grow, accounting for 1–2% of the world’s population. Currently, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders is based only on clinical and behavioral tests, and there are no biological and genetic markers that could contribute to the early detection of this disorder. The review, based on the analysis of modern literature data about symptoms, genetic etiological factors that associated with autism, examines the possibility of using genes as diagnostic biomarkers in children with autism spectrum disorders. Analysis of literature data shows that disorders of attention, speed of information processing, working memory, learning are based on genetic (mutations, SNPs) and epigenetic (methylation) changes in the expression of many genes: BDNF, CAPS2, CNTNAP2, GABRB3, FMR1, FOXP1, GTF2I, HSD11B2, MECP2, NF2, NGF, NR3C1, OXTR, PAK2, RELN, SLC6A4, UBE3A, etc. Some of these genes (RELN) are associated with ASD severity.
About the Authors
O. S. Glotov
Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; Pushkin State Russian Language Institute
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg
Moscow
A. N. Chernov
Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology; Institute of Experimental Medicine
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg
P. A. Suchko
St. Petersburg State Technological Institute (Technical University)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg
Yu. A. Eismont
Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Saint Petersburg
L. A. Mayorova
Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases; Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology; Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Reanimatology and Rehabilitation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Moscow
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Review
For citations:
Glotov O.S., Chernov A.N., Suchko P.A., Eismont Yu.A., Mayorova L.A. Formation of cognitive processes in children with autism. Part II. Genetic mechanisms. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2024;69(2):26-33. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2024-69-2-26-33
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