Сурфактант и сурфактантная терапия у новорожденных: от начала до современных особенностей применения

Cурфактант — секретируемое поверхностно-активное вещество, препятствующее спаданию стенок альвеол за счет снижения поверхностного натяжения на границе между альвеолярным эпителием и воздухом в альвеолярном пространстве. Препараты сурфактанта стали первыми и наиболее востребованными препаратами в неонатологии, спасшими жизни миллионам недоношенных детей. Успешному лечению сурфактантами предшествуют индивидуальный подход и раннее выявление новорожденных с сурфактантной недостаточностью. Определение показаний к проведению сурфактантной терапии, выбор эффективного способа доставки препарата, подбор сопутствующей респираторной поддержки — актуальные направления неонатологии и в настоящее время. В статье отражены история использования, новые подходы к сурфактантной терапии и способам введения различных препаратов сурфактантов.

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