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Early diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children as a key to reducing mortality from cardiovascular diseases
https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2026-71-2-7-17
Abstract
Coronary heart disease, which is caused by coronary atherosclerosis, is the largest contributor to cardiovascular mortality. Atherosclerosis originates in childhood. This article presents data on the prevalence and etiology of familial hypercholesterolemia, characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. This leads to the onset of atherosclerotic vascular disease in childhood and the development of myocardial infarction in the second or third decade of life. The disease is asymptomatic for a long time, especially in childhood, and therefore its detection rate is less than 1%. Diagnostic criteria and genetic aspects of the disease are outlined, and various screening options for hypercholesterolemia are discussed. A strategy for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is presented, and current drug therapy options are discussed. Indications for the use of statins, cholesterol absorption inhibitors, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors are presented. It is demonstrated that early detection of familial hypercholesterolemia in children will facilitate the timely initiation of lipid-lowering therapy, which will halt the progression of atherosclerosis and prevent the development of coronary heart disease.
About the Author
I. V. Leont’eva
Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for pediatrics and pediatric surgery at the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University ; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
125412, Moscow
117513, Moscow
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Review
For citations:
Leont’eva I.V. Early diagnosis and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children as a key to reducing mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2026;71(2):7-17. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2026-71-2-7-17
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