Polymorphism of the detoxification system genes and the main hystocompatibility complex HLA of Ii class in extremely premature newborns with congenital pneumonia

Objective. To study the polymorphism of HLA system genes of II class (DRB1, DQA1, DQB1) in extremely preterm infants with birth weight less than l500g with congenital pneumonia, and to determine the risk factors for the formation of this disease.

Material and methods. The researchers carried out a comprehensive study of 103 newborns. Group I: children with clinical and laboratory signs of congenital pneumonia («=61), and Group II: children with respiratory distress syndrome and without congenital pneumonia («=42). Genomic DNA was isolated from lymphocytes of venous blood and buccal scraping epithelial cells. The HLA class II genes were analyzed using a classical polymerase chain reaction.

Results. The group of children with congenital pneumonia revealed an increase in the frequency of alleles DRB1*04 and DRB1*15, together with DQB1 0302/0602 genotype, thus, these genes may have the predisposing effect to the development of this disease and may serve a molecular genetic predictor of this disease. The genotype of preterm newborns with congenital pneumonia included the DRB1*13, DQA1*0103, DQB1*0501, DRB1*13/13; DQA1*0101/0103; DQB1*0501/0602; GSTM1 +/+ GSTT1 +/+ DRB1*13 DQA1*0501 DQB1*0301, alleles less frequently, those alleles had a protective effect against the development of the lung tissue inflammation. We found no statistically significant differences in the frequency of low-functional alleles of the glutatitone-S-trans-ferase family genes (GSTM1 and GStTi).

Conclusion. The results of the study can be used to personalize the treatment and diagnostic process for preterm infants.

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