Хронопатологические аспекты расстройств сна и когнитивных функций у детей с нарушениями зрения
Аннотация
Наиболее значимый и заметный ритмический феномен, наблюдаемый в организме человека, - ритм сна-бодрствования и связанные с ним изменения физических и психических процессов. Важнейшими являются так называемые циркадиан-ные ритмы, которые меняются с периодичностью приблизительно 24 ч. Главным циркадианным пейсмекером у млекопитающих является супрахиазматическое ядро гипоталамуса, и из всех стимулов, получаемых этой структурой, максимально изучены световые импульсы. Световые импульсы, не связанные со зрительным восприятием, служат наиболее важными синхронизаторами циркадианных ритмов. У детей с нарушениями зрения отсутствует адекватная световая стимуляция, и, как следствие, с высокой вероятностью формируются нарушения циркадианных ритмов, усугубляются когнитивные нарушения. Рассматриваются важнейшие варианты расстройств сна у детей с нарушениями зрения, обсуждаются их негативные последствия для когнитивных функций ребенка, намечаются возможные подходы к коррекции.
Об авторе
И. А. Кельмансон
Институт специальной педагогики и психологии Международного университета семьи и ребенка им. Рауля Валленберга, Санкт-Петербург
Россия
Россия
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Кельмансон И.А. Хронопатологические аспекты расстройств сна и когнитивных функций у детей с нарушениями зрения. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2015;60(5):42-50.
For citation:
Kelmanson I.A. Chronopathological aspects of sleep disorders and cognitive dysfunctions in children with visual impairments. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2015;60(5):42-50. (In Russ.)
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