Urolithiasis in early childhood: treatment approach illustrated by a case report

Urolithiasis in young children is a rare condition requiring particular attention due to its potential complexity and the necessity of an individualized treatment approach. This article presents a case study of a 5-year-old child treated for urolithiasis following acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy.

 Case report. A 5-year-old boy presented at Ilyinskaya Hospital with right ureteral obstruction. Ultrasound performed due to abdominal pain revealed dilation of the kidney’s collecting system (calyces up to 12 mm, renal pelvis up to 16 mm) and the proximal ureter (up to 6 mm) on the right side. A solitary calculus obstructing the right ureter was identified via computed tomography. The child underwent emergency surgery, including cystoureteroscopy, lithoextraction from the right ureter, and placement of an internal stent. The postoperative period was marked by infectious complications, which were effectively managed. The internal stent was removed on the 6th postoperative day. The patient remained under hematology and nephrology follow-up, with no recurrence of urolithiasis reported.

Conclusion: This study emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive approach in managing pediatric urolithiasis, including careful monitoring and appropriate treatment, particularly in the presence of underlying conditions that may exacerbate or contribute to the disease. Special attention is given to adequate postoperative care and prevention of recurrence, which are essential for a favorable outcome and minimizing the risk of stone reformation.

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