Implementation of bioimpedance body composition analysis in the comprehensive assessment of nutritional status of children after severe traumatic brain injury

Children with severe traumatic brain injury are at high risk of developing nutritional disorders, the frequency of which, according to the literature, reaches 50%.

The aim of the study is to analyze the structure and frequency of nutritional disorders in children after severe traumatic brain injury for subsequent dietary correction.

Materials and methods. The study examined anthropometric parameters and body composition using bioimpedance analysis in 33 children with severe traumatic brain injury in the acute period (Me — 24 days (Q1-Q3: 16.5–35.5) from the moment of injury). In 10 children, these indicators were assessed dynamically after an average of 121 days (Q1-Q3: 63.2 — 142.2).

Results. A high frequency of protein-energy malnutrition was revealed (in 42.4% of patients), as well as significant disturbances in body component composition: 83% of children were diagnosed with skeletal muscle mass deficiency and sarcopenia. During dynamic observation, sarcopenia persisted or worsened in 90% of patients, and 15% were at risk of sarcopenic obesity. Phase angle indicators decreased by the second visit, indicating a decrease in physical activity and deterioration of nutritional status. Statistically significant correlations of the phase angle with mineral mass and active cell mass indicators confirm the importance of a comprehensive assessment of body composition.

Conclusion. The introduction of bioimpedance analysis into a comprehensive assessment of the nutritional status of children with severe traumatic brain injury allows us to differentiate the type of nutritional disorders, monitor them for further nutritional correction in order to optimize the rehabilitation process in children after severe traumatic brain injury.

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