Нейротоксичность общей анестезии у детей с психоневрологической патологией: современное состояние проблемы

Нейротоксичность препаратов для общей анестезии остается предметом споров и исследований уже на протяжении двух десятилетий. Особенное беспокойство вызывает возможное нейротоксическое воздействие анестезии на развивающуюся ЦНС у детей раннего возраста, а также у детей с психоневрологической патологией. Результаты доклинических исследований на животных демонстрируют нейротоксичность большинства известных препаратов для анестезии, которая проявляется как на микроскопическом уровне, так и в виде клинически значимых нарушений когнитивных и поведенческих функций. Однако вопрос экстраполяции экспериментальных данных на человека остается открытым. Клинические исследования нейротоксичности общей анестезии показывают противоречивые результаты. Малоизученным остается влияние анестезии ксеноном на когнитивные функции детской популяции в целом, и особенно детей с психоневрологической патологией. По данным экспериментальных и клинических исследований, инновационный анестетик ксенон демонстрирует нейропротективные эффекты, что дает основания предполагать отсутствие нейротоксичности и открывает перспективы для применения у пациентов с особо уязвимой центральной нервной системой.

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