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Differences in neonatal adaptation between late preterm infants and term infants
https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2026-71-2-34-43
Abstract
Late prematurity (340/₇–366/₇ weeks) accounts for up to 75% of all cases of premature birth. Despite the fact that in clinical practice they are equated with full-term babies, they are at increased risk of respiratory, metabolic, infectious and neurological disorders. This necessitates a differentiated multidisciplinary approach to reduce adverse outcomes. The aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of the early neonatal period in children born at 340/₇-366/₇ weeks and full–term newborns.; to determine the relationship of pathological conditions in infants with risk factors identified in the mothers’ medical history. Materials and methods:
The study group: 140 children born at late prematurity (340/₇–366/₇ weeks of gestation). The control group: 140 children born at full term (370/₇–416/₇ weeks of gestation). The analyzed parameters include weight and growth indicators, outcomes of the early neonatal period, the need for respiratory support and intensive care, as well as maternal anamnestic data. The data was processed using StatTech software, version 3.1.10.
Results. Late premature newborns have a statistically significantly higher risk of developing pathological conditions in the early neonatal period compared with full-term peers (all comparisons p<0,001). Significant maternal risk factors were identified: body mass index > 23 kg/m2 and < 28 kg/m2 (increases the risk of late premature birth); maternal age ≥ 34 years (associated with the need for ventilation); age ≥ 32 years (risk of grade II cerebral ischemia); age 36 years (increased risk of intrauterine pneumonia).
Conclusions. Late premature newborns have less perfect compensatory capabilities compared to full-term infants. The leading pathological conditions — respiratory disorders, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia and neurological dysfunctions — lead to a longer hospital stay and the need for high-tech care. Body mass index and maternal age are significant predictors of the risk of complications in a late pre-term newborn.
About the Authors
N. I. Panina
Voronezh City Clinical Emergency Hospital №10
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
394042, Voronezh
L. I. Ippolitova
N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
394036, Voronezh
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Review
For citations:
Panina N.I., Ippolitova L.I. Differences in neonatal adaptation between late preterm infants and term infants. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2026;71(2):34-43. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2026-71-2-34-43
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