Effect of ghrelin on metabolic processes and blood pressure in children
https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2014-59-6-17-27
Abstract
The review of the literature shows the results of current researches dealing with the role of ghrelin in metabolic processes. Ghrelin stimulates food intake and is involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism, body weight, which allows this drug-based therapeutic vaccines to be further synthesized. The agent acts directly on the cardiovascular system and blood pressure. Numerous effects of the hormone on the function of the gastrointestinal tract are indicated. The hormone has a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Its action on learning processes and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of depression and neuro-degenerative diseases are described.
About the Authors
N. N. Kaladze
S.I. Georgiyevsky Crimean State Medical University, Simferopol
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
O. K. Alyoshina
S.I. Georgiyevsky Crimean State Medical University, Simferopol
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
N. A. Revenko
S.I. Georgiyevsky Crimean State Medical University, Simferopol
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Кириенкова Е.В. Метаболические и сердечно-сосудистые эффекты грелина. Ожирение и метаболизм 2012; 1: 3—8. (Kiriyenkova H.V. Metabolic and cardiovascular ghrelin's effects. Ozhirenie i metabolizm 2012; 1: 3—8.)
2. Школьник В.В. Изменение уровня циркулирующего грелина у пациентов с различными компонентами метаболического синдрома. Запорожский меджурн 2011; 13: 4: 142—146. (Shkolnik V.V. Change of circulating ghrelin's level at patients with various components of a metabolic syndrome. Zaporozhskij medzhurn2011; 13: 4: 142—146.)
3. Barazzoni R. Relationships between desacylated and acylated ghrelin and insulin sensitivity in the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2007; 92: 3935—3940.
4. Becskei C. The anti-ghrelin spiegelmer NOX-B11-3 blocks ghrelin- but not fasting-induced neuronal activation in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. J Neuroendocrinol 2008; 20: 1: 85-92.
5. Dimaraki E. V., Jaffe С A. Role of endogenous ghrelin in growth hormone secretion, appetite regulation and metabolism. Rev Endocrin Metab Disord 2006; 7: 4: 237—249.
6. Kojima M., Hosoda H, Bate Y. at al. Ghrelin is a growth-hormone-releasing acylated peptide from stomach. Nature 1999; 402: 6762: 656-660.
7. Wajnrajch M.P., Ten I.S., Gertner J.M., Leibel R.L. Genomic organization of the human ghrelin gene. J Endocr Genet 2000; 1:231-233.
8. Zhang J.V., Ren P.G., Avsian-Kretchmer O. et al. Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin's effects on food intake. Science 2005; 310: 5750: 996—999.
9. Hoist В., Shwarts T. W. Ghrelin receptor mutations — too little height and too much hunger. J Clin Invest 2006; 116: 637—664.
10. Kojima M., Hosoda H., Matsuo H. et al. Ghrelin: discovery of the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Trends Endocrin Metab 2005; 12: 3: 118-122.
11. Ghelardoni S., Carnicelli V., Frascarelli S. et al. Ghrelin tissue distribution: comparison between gene and protein expression. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29: 2: 115-121.
12. Leite-Moreira A.F., Rocha-Sousa A., Henriques-Coelho T. Cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle regulation by ghrelin. Vitam Horm 2007; 77: 207-238.
13. Kleinz, M.J., Maguire J.J., Skepper J.N. et al. Functional and immunocytochemical evidence for a role of ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin in the regulation of vascular tone in man. Cardiovascular Res 2006; 69: 1: 227—235.
14. Gueorguiev M., Korbonits M., Higgins S.C. Ghrelin, the peripheral hunger hormone. Ann Med 2007; 39: 116—136.
15. Gualillo O., F. Lago, J. Gomez-Reino et al. Ghrelin, a widespread hormone: insights into molecular and cellular regulation of its expression and mechanism of action. FEBS Letters 2003; 552: 2-3: 105-109.
16. Hosoda H., Kojima M., Kangawa К Ghrelin and the regulation of food intake and energy balance. Molecul Intervent 2004; 8: 2: 494-503.
17. Pagotto U., GambineriA., Vicennati V. Plasma ghrelin, obesity, and the polycystic ovary syndrome: correlation with insulin resistance and androgen levels. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2004: 87: 12: 5625-5629.
18. Santosa S., Demonty I., Lichtenstein A.H. et al. An investigation of hormone and lip id associations after weight loss in women. J Am CollNutrit 2007; 26: 3: 250-258.
19. Soriano-Guillen L., Barrios V., Campos-Barros A. et al. Ghrelin levels in obesity and anorexia nervosa: effect of weight reduction or recuperation . J Pediat 2004; 144: 1: 36—42.
20. CummingsD.E., Clement K., PurnellJ.Q. etal. Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in Prader-Willi syndrome. Nature Medicine 2004; 8: 7: 643-644.
21. Sakata L, Yang J., Lee C.E. et al. Colocalization of ghrelin O-acyltransferase and ghrelin in gastric mucosal cells. Am JPhysiol2009; 297: 1: 134-141.
22. TschopM., Wawarta R., Riepl R.L. et al. Post-prandial decrease of circulating human ghrelin levels. J Endocrinol Invest 2004; 24: 6: 19-21.
23. English P. J., Ghatei M.A., Malik LA. et al. Food fails to suppress ghrelin levels in obese humans. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2002; 87: 6: 2984-2987.
24. Langenberg C, Barrett-Connor E. Ghrelin and the metabolic syndrome in older adults. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2005; 90: 12: 6448-6453.
25. DeBoer M.D., Zhu X., Levasseur P.R. et al. Ghrelin treatment of chronic kidney disease: im-provements in lean body mass and cytokine profile. Endocrinol 2008; 149: 2: 827—835.
26. Dixit V.D., Schaffer E.M., Pyle R.S. et al. Ghrelin inhibits leptin- and activation-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expression by human monocytes and T cells. J Clin Invest 2004; 114: 1:57-66.
27. St-Pierre D.H., Karelis A.D., Coderre L. et al. Association of acylated and nonacylated ghrelin with insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2007; 92: 1: 264—269.
28. Nagaya N. Hemodynamic and hormonal effects of human ghrelin in healthy volunteers. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 280: 1483—1487.
29. Murata M., Okimura Y, Lida К et al. Ghrelin modulates the downstream molecules of insulin signaling in hepatoma cells. J Biol Chem 2004; 277: 7: 5667-5674.
30. Vivenza £>., Rapa A., Castellino N. et al. Ghrelin gene polymorphisms and ghrelin, insulin, IGF-I, leptin and anthropometric data in children and adolescents. Eur J Endocrinol 2004; 151: 1: 127-133.
31. Adamantidis A., de Lecea L. Sleep and metabolism: shared circuits, new connections. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2008; 19: 10: 362-370.
32. LelyvanderA.J., TschopM.,LfeimanM.L., GhigoE.Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin. Endocrine Rev 2004; 25: 3: 426—457.
33. Chen C.Y., Lnui A., Asakawa A et al. Des-acyl ghrelin acts by CRF type 2 receptors to disrupt fasted stomach motility in conscious rats. Gastroenterol2005; 129: 1: 8—25.
34. Zane B. Andrews, Derek Erion, Rudolph Better et al. Ghrelin Promotes and Protects Nigrostriatal Dopamine Function via a UCP2-Dependent Mitochondrial Mechanism. J Neurosci 2009; 29: 45: 14057-14065.
35. Michael Lutter, Lchiro Sakata, Sherri Osborne-Lawrence et al. The orexigenic hormone ghrelin defends against depressive symptoms of chronic stress. Nature Neuroscience 2008; 11: 752—753 Published online: 15 June 2008. http://www.nature. com/neuro/journal/vll/n7/abs/nn.2139.html#al
36. Asakawa A., Lnui A., Kaga T. et al. A role of ghrelin on neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress in mice. Neuroendocrynol2001; 74: 143—147.
37. Tolle V., Bassant M. H., Zizzari P. Ultradian rhytmicity of ghrelin secretion in relation with GH, feeding behavior and sleep-wake patterns in rats. Endocrinol 2002; 143: 1353-1361.
38. Gibson C, Korbonits M. The Yin and Yang of the ghrelin gene products. Immun Endocrin Metab Agents Med Chem 2008; 8: 292-302.
39. Lely A.J., Tschop M., LLeiman M.L., Ghigo E. Biological,
40. physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin. Endocr Rev 2004; 25: 3: 426—57.
41. Addolorato G., Capristo E., Leggio L. et al. Relationship between ghrelin levels, alcohol craving, and nutritional status in current alcoholic patients. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006; 30: 1933-1937.
42. Zigman J.M., Jones I.E., Lee C.E. et al. Expression of ghrelin receptor mRNA in the rat and the mouse brain. J Comp Neurol 2006; 494: 528—548.
43. Mayorov A.V., Amara N, Chang J.Y. et al. Catalytic antibody degradation of ghrelin increases whole-body metabolic rate and reduces refeeding in fasting mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2008; 105:45: 17487-17492.
44. FrascarelliS., Ghelardoni S., Ronca-Testoni 5. Effect of ghrelin and synthetic growth hormone secretagogues in normal and ischemic rat heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2003; 98: 6: 401—405.
45. Nagaya N, Moriya J., Yasumura Y. et al. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2004; 110: 24: 3674-3679.
46. Kissebah A. LL., Sonnenberg G.E., Myklebust J. et al. Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 17 influence phenotypes of the metabolic syndrome. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 2004; 97: 26: 14478-14483.
47. FagerbergB., LLultenL. M., LLultheJ. Plasma ghrelin, body fat, insulin resistance, and smoking in clinically healthy men: the atherosclerosis and insulin resistance study. Metabolism 2003; 52: 1460-1463.
48. Lngelsson E. Circulating ghrelin, leptin, and soluble leptin receptor concentrations and cardiomethabolic risk factors in a community-based sample. J Clin Endocrin Metab 2008; 93: 3149-3157.
49. Nagaya N, Moriya J., Yasumura Y. et al. Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 2004; 110: 24: 3674-3679.
50. Poykko S.M. Low plasma ghrelin is associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 2004; 52: 2546-2553.
51. SkoczylasA. Cilazapril increases plasma ghrelin concentration in obese patients with arterial hypertension. Polish J. Endocrinol 2010; 61: 1: 21—27.
52. Tritos N.A., Kokkotou E.G. The Physyology and Potential Clinical Applications of Ghrelin, a Novel Peptide Hormone. Mayo Clin Proc 2006; 81: 5: 653-660.
53. Mizia-Stec К Ghrelin as a potential blood pressure reducing factor in obese women during weight loss treatment. EndokrynologiaPolska2008; 59: 3: 207—211.
54. Soeki T. Ghrelin suppresses cardiac sympathetic activity and prevents early left ventricular remodeling in rats with myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol 2008; 294: 1: H426— H432.
55. Garcia E.A., Korbonits M. Ghrelin and cardiovascular health. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2006; 6: 2: 142—147.
56. Tesauro M. Ghrelin improves endothelial function in patients with metabolic syndrome. Circulation 2005; 112: 19: 2986— 2992.
57. Tesauro M. Ghrelin restores the endothelin 1/nitric oxide balance in patients with obesity-related metabolic syndrome. Hypertension 2009; 54: 5: 995—1000.
58. Iglesias M.J. Growth hormone releasing peptide (ghrelin) is synthesized and secreted by cardiomyocytes. Cardiovascular Research 2004; 62: 3: 481-488.
59. Kola B. Cannabinoids and ghrelin have both central and peripheral metabolic and cardiac effects via AMP-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 26: 25196—25201.
Review
For citations:
Kaladze N.N., Alyoshina O.K., Revenko N.A. Effect of ghrelin on metabolic processes and blood pressure in children. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2014;59(6):46-51. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2014-59-6-17-27
Views:
661
Email this article 