Обструктивное апноэ во время сна и риск кардиоваскулярной патологии у детей
https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-4-37-42
Аннотация
Обструктивные нарушения дыхания во сне у детей представляют собой широкий спектр патологических состояний, из которых наиболее тяжелым является обструктивное апноэ сна. Приводятся данные о связи указанного нарушения с повышенным риском возникновения патологии сердечно-сосудистой системы в детском возрасте. Отмечается связь обструктивного апноэ сна с нарушением автономной регуляции, что проявляется гиперсимпатикотонией, определяемой по характеристикам ритма сердца, метаболическим показателям, уровню артериального давления. Выявляются нарушения электрической стабильности миокарда, что выражается в повышении дисперсии интервала Q — T на ЭКГ. Отмеченные изменения повышают риск нарушений ритма сердца. Обструктивное апноэ сна у детей сопровождается повышением тонуса сосудов и нарастанием артериального давления, изменениями структуры эндотелия, активацией системной воспалительной реакции, что способствует процессам атерогенеза. Указанные нарушения могут иметь стойкий характер при отсутствии своевременного лечения. Диагностика и коррекция обструктивного апноэ сна у детей является составным компонентом профилактики кардиоваскулярной патологии.
Ключевые слова
Об авторе
И. А. Кельмансон
Институт специальной педагогики и психологии Международного университета семьи и ребенка им. Рауля Валленберга, Санкт-Петербург
Россия
Россия
д.м.н., проф. кафедры клинической психологии Института специальной педагогики и психологии Международного университета семьи и ребенка им. Рауля Валленберга, Санкт-Петербург. 194356 Санкт-Петербург, ул. Большая Озерная, д. 92
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Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Кельмансон И.А. Обструктивное апноэ во время сна и риск кардиоваскулярной патологии у детей. Российский вестник перинатологии и педиатрии. 2016;61(4):37-42. https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-4-37-42
For citation:
Kelmanson I.A. Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk in children. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2016;61(4):37-42. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2016-61-4-37-42
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