Геномные технологии в неонатологии

В последние годы отмечается резкое увеличение интереса к персонализированной медицине. Развитие данного направления заставило клиницистов, в том числе и неонатологов, по-новому взглянуть на профилактику, тактику ведения и терапию различных заболеваний. В центре внимания зарубежных, а все чаще и российских исследователей и врачей оказываются индивидуальные геномные данные, позволяющие в перспективе не только оценивать риски возникновения той или иной формы патологии, но и успешно применять персонализированные стратегии предикции, превенции и таргетного лечения. В статье приводится краткий обзор последних достижений использования геномных технологий у новорожденных, рассматриваются проблемы и потенциальные возможности использования геномики в продвижении концепции персонализированной медицины в неонатологии. Все нарастающий объем фундаментальных исследований в области персонализированной медицины применительно к различным нозологиям становится невозможно анализировать усилиями только человеческого разума. В связи с этим на помощь приходят компьютер и биоинформатика. Статья раскрывает роль трансляционной биоинформатики в анализе и интегрировании результатов накопленных фундаментальных исследований в конкретные клинические решения. Рассмотрены последние разработки трансляционной биоинформатики в области неонатологии, в целом сводящиеся к функционалу систем поддержки принятия клинических решений: отслеживание у новорожденных показателей, влияющих на течение заболевания, расчет повышенного риска развития различных патологий и подбор лекарств.

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