Proinflammatory cytokine profile in children with neonatal sepsis

Research objective. Evaluation of inflammatory activity of the blood of newborns with various forms of bacterial infectious diseases with the determination of the diagnostic significance of various inflammatory markers.

Materials and methods. The study includes 50 newborns with various forms of infectious diseases: 31 newborns with neonatal sepsis (group 1) and 19 newborns with localized variants of bacterial infection. The severity of inflammatory activity was assessed by the level of C-reactive protein, the number of peripheral blood leukocytes, the level of cytokines-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-ɣ (IFN-ɣ), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

Results. In the group of children with neonatal sepsis, the first 2 days of the disease occur against the background of an increase in the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 and IFN-ɣ in the blood, the indices of which differed significantly (p <0.05) from the control group. Significant markers of inflammation were high concentrations in the blood of the C-reactive protein (RR-3.7, CI 1.7-8.1), IL-6 (RR-2.0, CI 1.4–3.0), and IL -8 (RR-1.5, CI 1.1–2.2). In the group of children with localized forms of bacterial infection, the first 2 days of the disease were accompanied by an increase in the concentration in the blood of TNF-α, IL-6 and IFN-ɣ (p <0.05). Moreover, the degree of increase of IL-6 was less pronounced than in the 1st group (p=0.007), and the median IL-8 did not differ from the control group (p=0,7).

Conclusion. The immune response for neonatal sepsis and localized forms of bacterial infection is characterized by an increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines in the blood. Reliable markers of inflammation in sepsis are IL-6, IL-8 and C-reactive protein, the values of which were significantly high in the group of children with neonatal sepsis.

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